Peristiwa Dunia, Mitos & Sejarah

cikatilia

bianglala posted on 6-9-2013 01:43 AM
6 SEPTEMBER 1997 -  Diana's funeral watched by millions

Britain and the world have said farewell  ...

aku ingat lagi diorg sedey tp kena tahan xleh nak menangis..
sbb royal family kena jaga adab gituh kan

so sadd

bianglala

cikatilia posted on 6-9-2013 08:01 AM
aku ingat lagi diorg sedey tp kena tahan xleh nak menangis..
sbb royal family kena jaga adab gitu ...

kena ikut protokol kannn...   kematian Diana ni memang mengejutkan. lepas tu timbul macam-macam teori konspirasi.

anniez08

Sep 7, 1813:United States nicknamed Uncle Sam

On this day in 1813, the United States gets its nickname, Uncle Sam. The name is linked to Samuel Wilson, a meat packer from Troy, New York, who supplied barrels of beef to the United States Army during the War of 1812. Wilson (1766-1854) stamped the barrels with "U.S." for United States, but soldiers began referring to the grub as "Uncle Sam's." The local newspaper picked up on the story and Uncle Sam eventually gained widespread acceptance as the nickname for the U.S. federal government.

In the late 1860s and 1870s, political cartoonist Thomas Nast (1840-1902) began popularizing the image of Uncle Sam. Nast continued to evolve the image, eventually giving Sam the white beard and stars-and-stripes suit that are associated with the character today. The German-born Nast was also credited with creating the modern image of Santa Claus as well as coming up with the donkey as a symbol for the Democratic Party and the elephant as a symbol for the Republicans. Nast also famously lampooned the corruption of New York City's Tammany Hall in his editorial cartoons and was, in part, responsible for the downfall of Tammany leader William Tweed.

Perhaps the most famous image of Uncle Sam was created by artist James Montgomery Flagg (1877-1960). In Flagg's version, Uncle Sam wears a tall top hat and blue jacket and is pointing straight ahead at the viewer. During World War I, this portrait of Sam with the words "I Want You For The U.S. Army" was used as a recruiting poster. The image, which became immensely popular, was first used on the cover of Leslie's Weekly in July 1916 with the title "What Are You Doing for Preparedness?" The poster was widely distributed and has subsequently been re-used numerous times with different captions.

In September 1961, the U.S. Congress recognized Samuel Wilson as "the progenitor of America's national symbol of Uncle Sam." Wilson died at age 88 in 1854, and was buried next to his wife Betsey Mann in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy, New York, the town that calls itself "The Home of Uncle Sam."

credit to: history.com

cikatilia

U.S. 2005 U.S.A. Guantanamo Bay Prison Camp 9th Sept. 2005 : A hunger strike by 87 prisoners at the US Guantanamo Bay prison camp is now in it's second month and 10 of the prisoners are being fed through medical assist with nose tubes and are in stable condition. The prisoners are on hunger strike because
( 1. ) Indefinite detention.
( 2. ) Inhumane treatment.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantánamo_Bay_hunger_strikes


Shaker Aamer organized and participated in the 2005 hunger strike

Guantánamo Bay hunger strikes began during the middle of 2005, when detainees held by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp initiated two hunger strikes. The detainees organized several widespread hunger strikes to protest their innocence, and the conditions of their confinement.[1][2][3][4] Other captives, such as the men camp authorities asserted committed suicide in June 2006, had committed themselves to long-term hunger strikes, which were not shared by the other captives.

According to Andy Worthington, the weight of at least eighty captives dropped to below 100 pounds (45 kg) each.[1]

Apparently a new wave of the hunger strike arose in early 2013: http://hamptonroads.com/2013/03/ ... -guantanamo-us-says

Status Shaker Amer:-
Born         12 December 1968 (age 44)
Medina, Saudi Arabia
Detained at        Kandahar, Bagram and Guantánamo
ISN        239
Charge(s)        None
Penalty        None
Status        Cleared for release since 2007, but still held in Guantánamo[1]
Children        Four children with his British wife, the youngest of whom he has never met



Force-fed: The restraint chair used to force-feed detainees on hunger strike at the detainee hospital in Camp Delta which is part of the U.S. military prison for 'enemy combatants' in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba



Strike: A military doctor holds a feeding tube used to feed detainees - a hunger strike which started with a handful of prisoners, has now become a mass protest with 104 detainees taking part


Legal black hole: The detainee hospital's operating room - Guantanamo, a US military base in Cuba, has previously been criticized as being a legal black hole where inmates have fewer rights than those who are held on mainland US soil


Necessity: The feeding tube and other items used in the forced feeding of detainees - the images provide an insight into the conditions that hundreds of detainees have been kept in since the facility opened in 2001



Up to 44 are strapped down each day and force-fed liquid nutrients through a nasal tube. 'We do it to preserve life,' Navy Capt. Robert Durand. said, denying the assertions from prisoners that the procedure is painful


Pick a face: A chart used at the detainee hospital for patients to indicate their pain level








Preparing food: Food is prepared for the detainees in a kitchen at the U.S. military prison

jarikuku

TODAY IN HISTORY - Mao Zedong Dies

Mao Zedong, who led the Chinese people through a long revolution and then ruled the nation's communist government from its establishment in 1949, dies. Along with V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin, Mao was one of the most significant communist figures of the Cold War.

Mao was born in China in 1893. During the 1910s, he joined the nationalist movement against the decadent and ineffective royal government of China and the foreigners who used it to exploit China. By the 1920s, however, Mao began to lose faith in the leaders of the nationalist movement. He came to believe that only a revolutionary change of Chinese society could bring freedom from Western domination and subjugation. In 1921, he became one of the founding members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Mao's early years as a communist were not easy. He was constantly in danger of arrest and execution by Chinese government forces. More importantly, he often split with his communist colleagues, many of whom favored slavishly copying the Bolshevik Revolution that brought communism to power in Russia. Mao insisted that revolution in China would come from the country peasants, not the urban workers. In 1935, Mao took control of the CCP. On the verge of defeat by Chinese Nationalist forces, the CCP came under scathing attack by Mao for its lack of revolutionary zeal and poor military strategy. Desperate, a majority of the CCP members relinquished control to Mao. Throughout the 1930s and into World War II, Mao's forces continued their attacks on the Chinese government. They were ultimately victorious in 1949, and the communist People's Republic of China was declared in that year.

Mao made clear his dedication to constant battle with the West when, in 1950, he sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops into North Korea to battle U.S. troops during the Korean War. For nearly three years the war raged, ending with a cease-fire in 1953. In the late 1950s, Mao began to withdraw from an active role in the Chinese government, but he returned with a vengeance in the mid-1960s when he led the "Cultural Revolution," which was designed to reinvigorate what he saw as the nation's flagging revolutionary spirit. The "revolution" amounted to frenzied calls from Mao and his supporters for greater dedication to the true ideals of communism and increasingly vociferous verbal assaults against both the Soviet Union (because of its "revisionist" tendencies) and the "imperialism aggression" of the United States. Thousands of Chinese were killed or imprisoned by Mao's young supporters, called the Red Guards.

Internationally, forces were pushing Mao to seek a closer relationship with the United States. Since the early 1960s, relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated steadily, and there were frequent border clashes between their respective armed forces. By the late 1960s, Mao came to see the Soviet Union as a more dangerous threat to China than the United States. He therefore sought closer relations with the Americans, hoping to use them as allies in his battle with the Soviets. Mao's efforts resulted in a dramatic change in relations between the U.S. and China, climaxing in President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China in 1972.

The meeting with Nixon was one of Mao's last great public successes. Nearing 80 years of age, Mao began to make less frequent appearances. He also began to suffer the debilitating effects of Parkinson's disease. Mao died in 1976, still holding the position of Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party.

Source : History Channel

jarikuku

HARI INI DALAM SEJARAH - Penubuhan Majlis Belia Malaya

Pada hari ini dalam tahun 1950, Majlis Belia Malaya telah diisytiharkan penubuhannya secara rasmi dalam Mesyuarat Agung pertamanya. Mesyuarat yang telah dihadiri oleh 11 buah badan gabungannya, yang disertai oleh gabungan daripada Majlis Belia Negeri Kedah, Terengganu, Pulau Pinang, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Persekutuan Budak Pengakap dan Pandu Puteri. Keputusan menubuhkan Majlis Belia Malaya ini telah dicapai hasil pertemuan seramai 75 orang wakil-wakil pertubuhan belia dari seluruh Persekutuan Tanah Melayu dalam satu persidangan yang telah diadakan pada Julai 1948 di Victoria Institution, Kuala Lumpur. Pada persidangan itu juga Abdul Razak bin Datuk Hussein dan Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Jaafar Tuanku Abdul Rahman telah dipilih mewakili Tanah Melayu ke Persidangan Perhimpunan Belia Sedunia (World Assembly of Youth – WAY) di Brussel. Berikutan daripada itu pada tahun 1951, kerajaan telah mengiktiraf Majlis Belia Malaya sebagai Majlis Kebangsaan bagi pertubuhan belia di negara ini bertujuan untuk menggalakkan kemajuan belia dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial, pendidikan dan politik.

jarikuku

TODAY IN HISTORY - First Drunk Driving Arrest

On this day in 1897, a 25-year-old London taxi driver named George Smith becomes the first person ever arrested for drunk driving after slamming his cab into a building. Smith later pled guilty and was fined 25 shillings.

In the United States, the first laws against operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol went into effect in New York in 1910. In 1936, Dr. Rolla Harger, a professor of biochemistry and toxicology, patented the Drunkometer, a balloon-like device into which people would breathe to determine whether they were inebriated. In 1953, Robert Borkenstein, a former Indiana state police captain and university professor who had collaborated with Harger on the Drunkometer, invented the Breathalyzer. Easier-to-use and more accurate than the Drunkometer, the Breathalyzer was the first practical device and scientific test available to police officers to establish whether someone had too much to drink. A person would blow into the Breathalyzer and it would gauge the proportion of alcohol vapors in the exhaled breath, which reflected the level of alcohol in the blood.

Despite the invention of the Breathalyzer and other developments, it was not until the late 1970s and early 1980s that public awareness about the dangers of drinking and driving increased and lawmakers and police officers began to get tougher on offenders. In 1980, a Californian named Candy Lightner founded Mothers Against Drunk Driving, or MADD, after her 13-year-old daughter Cari was killed by a drunk driver while walking home from a school carnival. The driver had three previous drunk-driving convictions and was out on bail from a hit-and-run arrest two days earlier. Lightner and MADD were instrumental in helping to change attitudes about drunk driving and pushed for legislation that increased the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs. MADD also helped get the minimum drinking age raised in many states. Today, the legal drinking age is 21 everywhere in the United States and convicted drunk drivers face everything from jail time and fines to the loss of their driver's licenses and increased car insurance rates. Some drunk drivers are ordered to have ignition interlock devices installed in their vehicles. These devices require a driver to breath into a sensor attached to the dashboard; the car won't start if the driver's blood alcohol concentration is above a certain limit.

Despite the stiff penalties and public awareness campaigns, drunk driving remains a serious problem in the United States. In 2005, 16,885 people died in alcohol-related crashes and almost 1.4 million people were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

jarikuku

HARI INI DALAM SEJARAH - Mesyuarat Kali Pertama Kabinet Merdeka

Pada hari ini dalam tahun 1957, telah berlangsung satu sidang Jemaah Menteri Kabinet yang pertama dalam sejarah Persekutuan Tanah Melayu Merdeka. Sidang itu telah diadakan di bangunan Majlis Mesyuarat Undangan Persekutuan. Dalam persidangan tersebut, Tunku Abdul Rahman selaku Perdana Menteri telah memangku jawatan yang pada masa sebelum merdeka ia dijawat oleh Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British selaku pengerusi Majlis mesyuarat yang lama. Inilah kali pertama dimana seorang anak peribumi mengambil alih teraju pimpinan jemaah Menteri dan seterusnya mengetuai kerajaan setelah sekian lama ia dikuasai oleh penjajah. Dalam sidang yang berlangsung selama dua jam itu, Tunku Abdul Rahman Perdana Menteri telah menerangkan kepada jemaah menteri tentang peraturan-peraturan baru kabinet dan juga ingatan kepada para Menteri berkenaan dengan tanggungjawab dalam bidang tugas kabinet. Didalam kabinet ini semua Menteri adalah terdiri daripada pemimpin-pemimpin Perikatan UMNO-MCA-MIC yang memenangi pilihanraya Umum 1955 melainkan Col. H.S. Lee. Beliau ialah seorang Menteri yang tidak dipilih melalui pilihanraya tetapi dilantik dan diserahkan Fortfolio sebagai Menteri Kewangan. Sistem perlantikan ini dimasukkan apabila berlangsung pilihanraya umum 1959 dimana seluruh Menteri kabinet 1959 terdiri daripada anggota-anggota yang memenangi pilihanraya sahaja. Sesungguhnya mesyuarat pertama kabinet pada hari ini dalam tahun 1957, merupakan detik bersejarah dalam usaha pemimpin-pemimpin negara menerajui pemerintahan berkerajaan sendiri.

anniez08

                                              Sep 11, 2001:  Attack on America

At 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767--United Airlines Flight 175--appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center, and sliced into the south tower at about the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War, and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the U.S. in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming the ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles.
As millions watched in horror the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to a structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.
Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 mph and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers, and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 other people were treated for injuries, many severe.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane--United Flight 93--was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett, Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger--Todd Beamer--was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye."
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland, or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.
At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared: "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."
Operation Enduring Freedom, the U.S.-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7, 2001. Bin Laden was killed during a raid of his compound in Pakistan by U.S. forces on May 2, 2011.

  
            

jarikuku

HARI INI DALAM SEJARAH - Sidang Pertama Parlimen Persekutuan Tanah Melayu Yang Pertama

Pada hari ini dalam tahun 1959, Sidang Pertama Parlimen Persekutuan Tanah Melayu telah diisytiharkan oleh DYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tualiku Muhammad. Persidangan itu telah diadakan di Dewan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur. Seramai 104 orang Ahli Parlimen yang terpilih dalam pilihanraya Parlimen Persekutuan pada 19 Ogos 1959 telah mengangkat sumpah. Dalam persidangan tersebut, Perdana Menteri Tunku Abdul Rahman telah mencadangkan supaya Dato’ Haji Mohammad Noah Omar dilantik sebagai Yang Dipertua Dewan Rakyat. Manakala Dato’ Haji Abdul Rahman Mohd Yassin pula dilantik sebagai Yang Dipertua Dewan Negara. Menurut Perlembagaan Persekutuan Bahagian 4 Fasal 44, Kuasa Undang-Undang Persekutuan Tanah Melayu adalah terserah kepada Parlimen. Parlimen terdiri daripada DYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Dewan Rakyat dan Dewan Negara. Sesungguhnya, kewujudan Parlimen Persekutuan Tanah Melayu merupakan lambang demokrasi yang menjadi amalan hidup rakyat negara ini.

jarikuku

anniez08 posted on 11-9-2013 12:08 AM
Sep 11, 2001:  Attack on America

At 8:45 a.m. on a  ...

serangan yg dirancang sendiri oleh amerika..
then salahkan org islam...
kafir laknatullah..

novelloverzz

anniez08 posted on 11-9-2013 12:08 AM
Sep 11, 2001:  Attack on America

At 8:45 a.m. on a  ...

dah 12 thn berlalu...kejap je kan...famous betul pasal terrorist kononnya...

punkerzoe

Donny Osmond has the #1 hit on the U.S. pop charts with "Go Away Little Girl"
Sep 11, 1971

                Donny Osmond began his professional career in the early 1960s, as the dimpled, five-year-old frontman of the family barbershop quintet. These days, he is still a reliable Las Vegas nightclub draw; an occasional above-the-marquee star of touring Broadway musicals; and an on-again, off-again host of syndicated television chat- and game-shows. For one golden period in the 1970s, however, this hardworking showbiz survivor was a bona fide superstar. That period was well underway on this day in 1971, when 13-year-old Donny Osmond earned his first solo (and second overall) #1 hit with "Go Away Little Girl."
  Performing together as the Osmonds, Donny and his brothers Alan, Wayne, Merrill and Jay had burst onto the pop scene just seven months earlier with the #1 hit "One Bad Apple"—a brazen imitation of the bubblegum soul of the Jackson 5. And just as the Jacksons of Gary, Indiana, would soon do with their own lead singer, the Osmonds of Ogden, Utah, quickly moved to make a solo star out of Donny. "We push whoever is in front, and the rest of us divide the work necessary to keep the front runners in first place and the family strong," is how Olive Osmond—matriarch of the Mormon show-business clan—once explained the process by which her young Donny was soon elevated above his less telegenic brothers.
  The material chosen for Donny's debut fell squarely into the teenybopper mainstream. "Sweet and Innocent," his debut single, climbed as high as #7 on the pop charts, followed by "Go Away Little Girl," written by the legendary team of Gerry Goffin and Carole King and previously a #1 hit in 1963 for Steve Lawrence. A string of similar cover tunes would follow, including Paul Anka's "Puppy Love," Frankie Avalon's "Why," Nat "King" Cole's "Too Young" and Johnny Mathis' "The Twelfth Of Never," all of which were Top 20 hits. A 1973 cover of Elvis Presley's "Are You Lonesome Tonight," however, would be Donny's last Top 20 hit until 1988, when he returned with the #2 hit "Solder of Love."
  In the intervening 15 years, however, Donny Osmond appears not to have derived all the joy he might have from the success that made him a favorite of the Tiger Beat set in the early 1970s. "Throughout my 20s and into my 30s, I would apologize for my career, for all of the cheesy music I was a part of," says the conflicted former teen idol. "It wasn't until my late 30s or early 40s...[that I] thought to myself, 'You know what? That music was great for what it was, people loved it, it was incredibly successful—why should I feel bad?'"

source: http://www.history.com/this-day- ... way-little-girlquot

            

punkerzoe

Barry White is born
Sep 12, 1944

                Born in Galveston, Texas, on this day in 1944, Barry White--or "the Maestro"--went on to stunningly successful career as a pop singer that spanned five decades, and made him a star of the disco era.
  It took some pushing to get future sex symbol Barry White out into the spotlight where he could work his seductive magic. The path he originally chose to follow in the music business was as an A&R man—a behind-the-scenes player in the "Artists and Repertoire" department of various independent labels in 1960s Los Angeles. White's job was to spot talent and to act as a liaison between record labels and the artists he was charged with developing, and it was in this capacity that he discovered a female vocal trio he named Love Unlimited. Not only would Barry White marry one of its members, but he would write, produce and arrange a major hit for them in "Walking in the Rain (With The One I Love)" (1972). And when White finally stepped out into the spotlight as a performer himself—at the insistence of his record label--Love Unlimited would become the backup vocalists on his string of 1970s soul classics.
  Having written several new songs and recorded his vocals for demo purposes only, White was surprised and reluctant when 20th Century Records pushed him to release the songs under his own name. When he finally did so in 1973, he quickly established himself as a star. From 1973 to 1977, sometimes under his own name and sometimes under the name Love Unlimited Orchestra, White recorded a string of steamy soul classics that featured his rumbling bass voice speaking and singing over lush orchestral arrangements of subject matter clearly expressed in his song titles alone: "Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe"; "Your Sweetness Is My Weakness"; "It's Ecstasy When You Lay Down Next To Me"; and "I'm Gonna Love You Just A Little More, Baby."

source: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/barry-white-is-born

            

jarikuku

HARI INI DALAM SEJARAH - Permulaan Pentadbiran Tentera British Di Tanah Melayu

Pada hari ini dalam tahun 1945, British telah kembali semula ke Tanah Melayu dan memperkenalkan Pentadbiran Tentera British (B.M.A) bagi menggantikan pemerintahan Tentera Jepun. Tugas utama yang dipikul oleh Pentadbiran Tentera British ini ialah pembangunan semula dan pemulihan keamanan serta dipertanggungjawabkan untuk membaiki jalan-jalan keretapi, pelabuhan-pelabuhan dan perhubungan yang lain. Pentadbiran Tentera British diselenggarakan dibawah pemerintahan Pegawai Pemerintah Angkatan Tentera di Tanah Melayu dengan arahan langsung dari Pemerintah Tertinggi Bersekutu, South East Asia Command. Di bawah Pentadbiran Tentera British ini juga Perkhidmatan Hal-ehwal Awam atau Civil Affairs Service diwujudkan untuk menguruskan kebajikan orang-orang awam. Perkhidmatan Hal-ehwal Awam ini di ketuai oleh Major General H.R.Hone dan dibantu oleh Brigadier H.C.William, Brigadier Newboult dan Brigadier Mc.Kerron. Dalam menjalankan dasar-dasar pentadbirannya, British telah menghadapi pelbagai tentangan dan rintangan dari berbagai arah termasuk dari golongan Menengah Melayu dan aristokrat dan juga golongan 'Colonial Old Guard. Berikutan daripada itu, akhirnya Persekutuan Tanah Melayu telah direalisasikan pada 1 Februari 1948.

jarikuku

TODAY IN HISTORY - Lascaux Cave Paintings Discovered

Near Montignac, France, a collection of prehistoric cave paintings are discovered by four teenagers who stumbled upon the ancient artwork after following their dog down a narrow entrance into a cavern. The 15,000- to 17,000-year-old paintings, consisting mostly of animal representations, are among the finest examples of art from the Upper Paleolithic period.

First studied by the French archaeologist Henri-édouard-Prosper Breuil, the Lascaux grotto consists of a main cavern 66 feet wide and 16 feet high. The walls of the cavern are decorated with some 600 painted and drawn animals and symbols and nearly 1,500 engravings. The pictures depict in excellent detail numerous types of animals, including horses, red deer, stags, bovines, felines, and what appear to be mythical creatures. There is only one human figure depicted in the cave: a bird-headed man with an erect phallus. Archaeologists believe that the cave was used over a long period of time as a center for hunting and religious rites.

The Lascaux grotto was opened to the public in 1948 but was closed in 1963 because artificial lights had faded the vivid colors of the paintings and caused algae to grow over some of them. A replica of the Lascaux cave was opened nearby in 1983 and receives tens of thousands of visitors annually.

punkerzoe

Sep 13, 1996:                                                        
Tupac Shakur dies

                Hip hop star Tupac Shakur dies on September 13, 1996 of gunshot wounds suffered in a Las Vegas drive-by shooting.
  More than a decade after his death on this day in 1996, rapper Tupac Shakur remains one of the most recognizable faces and voices in hip-hop. A steady stream of posthumous album releases has kept his name near the top of lifetime sales rankings, and artistic efforts like the 2003 film Tupac: Resurrection have kept his image and music current among fans who were far too young to have seen and heard him perform while he was still alive. His recording career came to an end with his death at the age of 25, but like another famous rapper with whom his story is intertwined, Shakur has only grown in stature with each passing year since his still-unsolved murder.


  The story of Shakur's death on September 13, 1996, begins with a failed attempt on his life two years earlier. On November 30, 1994, Tupac Shakur was shot and seriously wounded during a robbery committed by two armed men in the lobby of a midtown Manhattan office building that housed a recording studio where he'd been working on his third album, Me Against the World (1995). For reasons that have been detailed obsessively in works such as Nick Broomfield's 2002 documentary Biggie and Tupac, Shakur blamed the attack on producer Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs and rival rapper Christopher Wallace—a.k.a. "The Notorious B.I.G." Shakur's charges, and his subsequent move to the L.A.-based record label Death Row Records, sparked the so-called "East Coast vs. West Coast" feud that defined the hip-hop scene through the mid-1990s.


  In Las Vegas on September 7, 1996, for the Mike Tyson-Bruce Seldon boxing match, Shakur and others in his entourage were captured on tape in the lobby of the MGM Grand hotel engaging in a violent scuffle with a man later identified as a member of the Los Angeles-based Bloods street gang. Hours later, Shakur was riding as a passenger in a car driven by Death Row Records head Marian "Suge" Knight when a white Cadillac pulled up alongside them at a stoplight on Flamingo Road and opened fire. At least 12 shots were fired, four of which struck Shakur and one of which grazed the head of Suge Knight. Emergency surgery at University Medical Center saved Shakur's life that night, and in the days following, doctors announced that his chances of recovery had improved. On September 13, 1996. however, Tupac Shakur died of his wounds.


  Six months later, Shakur's rap rival, Christopher Wallace, was murdered in similar circumstances in Los Angeles. No arrest has been made to date in connection with either murder.

source: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/tupac-shakur-dies

            
                           

jarikuku

HARI INI DALAM SEJARAH - Pendudukan Jepun Di Tanah Melayu Tamat

Pada hari ini dalam tahun 1945, satu upacara penyerahan kuasa oleh tentera Jepun kepada tentera British bagi menandakan tamatnya pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu. Upacara menandatangani surat – surat penyerahan kuasa tanpa syarat ini telah diadakan di Sekolah Victoria (Victoria Institution) Kuala Lumpur. Pihak tentera Jepun telah diwakili oleh Panglima Besar Pasukan ke-29 tentera Jepun, Leftenan Jeneral Teizo Sishiguro, Ketua Turus Angkatan Tentera Major Jeneral Noaichi Kawahara dan Kolonel G-Oguri. Manakala Pihak tentera British pula diwakili oleh Pegawai Pemerintah Tentera British, Leftenan General Roberts berserta dua orang pegawai lain. Seramai 6,800 orang tentera Jepun telah melucutkan senjata mereka selaras dengan arahan Maharaja Jepun. Penyerahan kuasa ini adalah ekoran daripada pengisytiharan tamat Perang Dunia Kedua dan tanda menyerah kalah tanpa syarat oleh Jepun pada bulan Ogos 1945 setelah kota Nagasaki dan Hiroshima dimusnahkan sama sekali oleh bom-bom atom pihak Berikat. Sesungguhnya, pendudukan Jepun selama tiga setengah tahun di Tanah Melayu telah membangkitkan semangat nasionalisme dan anti kolonialisma yang telah membawa kepada kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu daripada cengkaman penjajahan.

jarikuku

TODAY IN HISTORY - Signing Of The Oslo Agreement In 1993

They intended to sign a document that was supposed to signal the end of a conflict that had raged for decades. The “Oslo agreement” had been discussed and hammered out in secret between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators, in the seclusion of Norway over a period of several months. Clinton declared,

"Today we are witnesses to an extraordinary act in the unfolding drama of history. A drama that began in the age of our forefathers when there was talk of a narrow strip of land between Jordan and the Mediterranean. This piece of land, this land of light and enlightenment is the home of memories and dreams of Jews, Muslims and Christians throughout the world.”

The world was surprised by the news, as at that period it was an offence to even maintain contacts with the PLO. However, following the mediation of Norwegian diplomats, the view of those parties close to Shimon Peres took hold that this kind of ban had to be ignored as it is only possible to conclude peace together with one’s enemies.

In his opening speech Bill Clinton then spoke of the fact that the disputed territory in the Middle East had been a source of conflict and bloodshed for too long and that the entire region and its people had suffered great losses since the start of the century. Even without any knowledge of the historical background it was clear to viewers that the protagonists were not really sure what they were trying to achieve.

This was most clear in the case of the Israeli Prime Minister Rabin. Clinton had to literally hold out Rabin’s hand to ensure he shook hands with Yasser Arafat. Rabin had only been informed of the negotiations at a very late stage and he was visibly reluctant to shake hands with the man who he had fighting until then. Rabin said,
"It is not that easy to sign the Israeli-Palestinian declaration of principle. Neither for me as a soldier in Israel’s war nor for the people in Israel or the Jewish people in the Diaspora, who are now observing us with great hope mixed with doubts”.

The Israelis and Palestinians agree that the majority of the areas that were occupied in the Six Day War to the west of Jordan will be passed over to the Palestinians step by step and that they would then set up an autonomous self governing body.

The Palestinians were sure that they would be able to proclaim their own state at the end of the agreed settlement period of the Oslo agreement of seven years. This was interpreted differently by the Israelis at this time but it was clear that PLO leader Arafat assigned this day the appropriate level of historical importance. Arafat said,

"In the name of Allah, the merciful and kind one: Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to express our particular gratitude to President Clinton and his administration that they have made this historical event possible. It is an event, which the whole world has been waiting for. Mr. President, I seize this opportunity to assure you and the great American people that we share your high regard of freedom, justice and human rights. Values for which my people have fought.”

In Washington and also in the Middle East there was still a certain sense of euphoria at this point in time that the breakthrough had now been achieved and the road to eternal peace had been opened. Of course, no-one had anticipated that Yitzhak Rabin would be murdered a year later because he had signed the agreement. Nor was it perceived that the peace process would come to a virtual standstill under his successor Netanyahu and that no immediate breakthrough would be achieved even following the election of Ehud Barak in 1999. Even the attempt to conclude a second Camp David Agreement just a few weeks prior to the expiry of the seven year deadline was destined to failure.

And despite this, even years following the signing of the agreement, the words that Yasser Arafat said before the White House on 13th September 1993 still apply. Arafat said,

"My people hopes that this agreement that we will sign today signals the beginning of the end of pain and suffering that it has suffered throughout the entire century. My people hope that this agreement that we will sign today will usher in an era of peace, coexistence and equal rights. We depend on your support, Mr President and on the support of all the states which believe that there can be no peace in the world without peace in the Middle East."

Source : Deutsche Welle

anniez08

                        Penubuhan Malaysia 16 September 1963               
Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra dalam satu ucapan beliau di Persidangan Persatuan Wartawan Luar Negeri Asia Tenggara yang diadakan di Hotel Adelphi, Singapura pada 27 Mei 1961, telah menggagaskan tentang perlunya diwujudkan satu rancangan untuk membawa Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Singapura, Borneo Utara, Brunei dan Sarawak ke dalam satu bentuk kerjasama politik dan ekonomi.
Antara lain, kerjasama ini perlu diadakan adalah bertujuan untuk menyekat pengaruh komunis yang semakin ketara yang boleh menggugat kestabilan politik serantau. Pendirian kerajaan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada perkembangan politik di Singapura yang memperlihatkan peningkatan pengaruh golongan kiri. Di samping itu juga gagasan ini bertujuan untuk mengimbangi jumlah penduduk, meningkatkan kemajuan ekonomi dan mempercepatkan proses kemerdekaan bagi Singapura, Brunei, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak.
Mesyuarat Persatuan Parlimen Komanwel Cawangan Tanah Melayu dan Borneo di Singapura pada 23 Julai 1961 telah bersetuju menubuhkan Jawatankuasa Perundingan Perpaduan Malaysia dengan dipengerusikan oleh Donald Stephen. Tujuan penubuhan Jawatankuasa ini adalah untuk menerangkan dengan lebih jelas tentang konsep Malaysia kepada orang ramai khususnya penduduk Sabah, Sarawak dan Brunei. Dalam Jawatankuasa ini, perwakilan dari Tanah Melayu terdiri daripada ahli-ahli Parlimen.
Perwakilan Singapura terdiri daripada ahli-ahli Majlis Mesyuarat Undangan termasuk seorang ahli parti pembangkang. Anggota perwakilan dari Sarawak adalah ahli-ahli Majlis Negeri Sarawak, begitu juga dengan Sabah. Jawatankuasa ini telah bermesyuarat sebanyak empat kali untuk membincangkan perkara-perkara berkaitan penubuhan Malaysia. Mesyuarat pertama diadakan di Sabah pada Ogos 1961, seterusnya di Kuching, Sarawak pada Disember 1961 dan di Kuala Lumpur pada Januari 1962. Mesyuarat terakhir telah diadakan di Singapura pada Februari 1962. Dalam mesyuarat terakhir itu Jawatankuasa bersetuju untuk mengemukakan memorandum kepada Suruhanjaya Cobbold supaya dibuat tinjauan mengenai pandangan penduduk di Sarawak dan Sabah terhadap gagasan Malaysia.
Memorandum yang dipersetujui Jawatankuasa tersebut mengandungi beberapa perkara penting untuk dijadikan asas kepada perlembagaan yang akan dirancang. Jawatankuasa ini bersetuju supaya perlembagaan Tanah Melayu dijadikan asas kepada perlembagaan Malaysia. Antara perkara lain yang dipersetujui ialah tentang perlunya ada sebuah kerajaan Persekutuan yang kuat dan berkuasa dalam hubungan luar, pertahanan dan keselamatan juga mengenai agama Islam diterima sebagai agama rasmi.
Pembentukan Suruhanjaya Cobbold pada 17 Januari 1962 adalah bagi memberi kebebasan dan keadilan kepada semua pihak. Suruhanjaya ini dibentuk hasil perundingan di antara kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu dan Kerajaan British pada November 1961. Tujuan penubuhan Suruhanjaya ini adalah untuk meninjau pandangan penduduk negeri-negeri di Borneo Utara (Sabah) dan Sarawak tentang gagasan Malaysia.
Suruhanjaya ini dianggotai oleh lima orang ahli dengan dipengerusikan oleh Lord Cobbold, bekas gabenor Bank England, ahli-ahlinya terdiri daripada Dato’ Wong Pow Nee dan Encik Mohd Ghazali bin Shafie, sebagai wakil kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, manakala Sir Anthony Abell dan Sir David Watherston, wakil kepada kerajaan British. Mr. H. Harris bertindak selaku Setiausaha.
Sepanjang Februari-hingga April 1962, Suruhanjaya ini telah menemui lebih 4000 orang dan menerima 2200 memorandum daripada pelbagai pihak yang terdiri dari parti-parti politik, ahli-ahli Mesyuarat Kerajaan dan Undangan, pembesar-pembesar, anak-anak negeri dan pemimpin kaum, majlis bandaran, pemimpin-pemimpin agama, kesatuan sekerja dan orang ramai yang memberikan pandangan.
Hasil dari laporan ini menunjukkan sejumlah 80 peratus penduduk Sarawak dan Borneo Utara menyokong kepada penubuhan Malaysia. Sokongan rakyat ini jelas dibuktikan melalui laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold yang telah disahkan oleh perwakilan Setiausaha Bangsa-Bangas Bersatu. Selain itu, laporan itu juga memuatkan cadangan-cadangan daripada ahli-ahli Suruhanjaya berhubung beberapa perkara yang dinyatakan melalui memorandum-memorandum yang diterimanya.
Pada 21 Jun 1962 laporan ini telah dikemukakan kepada Kerajaan British dan Kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Setelah dikaji, kedua-dua kerajaan bersetuju menerima hampir semua cadangan yang telah dibuat oleh Suruhanjaya tersebut. Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Perdana Menteri Tanah Melayu juga menerima laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold.
Beliau telah membentuk sebuah Jawatankuasa untuk mengkaji laporan itu yang telah dipengerusikan oleh beliau sendiri dan anggota-anggota yang lain terdiri dari Tun Abdul Razak (Timbalan Perdana Menteri), Tan Siew Sin (Menteri Kewangan), Datuk (Dr) Ismail Dato’ Abdul Rahman (Menteri Keselamatan Dalam Negeri) dan Datuk V.T. Sambanthan (Menteri Kerja Raya dan Telekom).
Kata sepakat telah dicapai oleh Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Tunku Abdul Rahman dan Harold Macmillan, Perdana Menteri British untuk mengadakan rundingan di London. Rundingan tersebut telah berlangsung selama 2 minggu. Pada Julai 1963 satu perjanjian penting telah ditandatangani di Pejabat Perhubungan Komanwel di Malborough House, London.
Perjanjian Penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia ini telah ditandatangani oleh wakil-wakil kerajaan British, Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Sabah, Sarawak dan Singapura. Persetujuan telah di peroleh untuk menubuhkan Malaysia pada 31 Ogos 1963. Walau bagaimanapun, penubuhan Malaysia yang dirancang pada tarikh tersebut terpaksa ditangguhkan kerana laporan Setiausaha Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu hanya dapat disiapkan pada 14 September 1963. Malaysia akhirnya diisytiharkan pada 16 September 1963. Upacara pengisytiharan Malaysia telah diadakan di Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur pada 16 September 1963. Upacara gilang gemilang ini telah dihadiri oleh SPB Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Raja-raja Melayu, Gabenor Pulau Pinang, Melaka, Singapura, Sarawak dan Sabah. Upacara ini juga dihadiri oleh anggota kabinet, diplomat asing di Kuala Lumpur serta jemputan khas.
Pengisytiharan penubuhan Malaysia telah dibacakan oleh Perdana Menteri, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra di hadapan lebih kurang 30,000 rakyat Malaysia yang turut meraikan hari bersejarah tersebut. Tunku kemudiannya melaungkan “Merdeka” sebanyak tujuh kali diselang seli dengan laungan oleh rakyat yang hadir. Upacara diakhiri dengan bacaan doa selamat oleh Mufti Negeri Sembilan, Tuan Haji Ahmad bin Mohammad Said.
Renteta Peristiwa
  
27 Mei 1961
Perdana Menteri, Tunku Abdul Rahman semasa Persidangan Persatuan Wartawan Luar Negeri Asia Tenggara di Hotel Adelphi, Singapura telah menggagaskan tentang perlunya diwujudkan satu rancangan untuk membawa Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Singapura, Borneo, Brunei dan Sarawak kedalam satu bentuk kerjasama politik




23 Julai 1961
Mesyuarat Persatuan Parlimen Komanwel Cawangan Tanah Melayu dan Borneo di Singapura telah bersetuju menubuhkan Jawatankuasa Perunding Perpaduan Malaysia dipengerusikan oleh Donald Stephen.

Ogos 1961
Mesyuarat pertama Jawatankuasa Perunding Perpaduan Malaysia diadakan di Sabah

18-20 Disember 1961
Mesyuarat kedua Jawatankuasa Perunding Perpaduan Malaysia diadakan di Kuching Sarawak

6-7 Januari 1962
Mesyuarat ketiga Jawatankuasa Perunding Perpaduan Malaysia diadakan di Selangor Legislative Assembly Chamber, Kuala Lumpur




17 Januari 1962
Suruhanjaya Cobbold telah ditubuhkan bagi meninjau pandangan penduduk negeri-negeri di Borneo Utara(Sabah) dan Sarawak. Suruhanjaya dianggotai oleh lima orang ahli iaitu Lord Cobbold, Dato’ Wong Pow Nee, En. Mohd Ghazali Shafie, Sir Anthony Abell dan Sir David Watherston. Mr H. Harris bertindak sebagai Setiausaha




3-4 Februari 1962
Mesyuarat keempat Jawatankuasa Perunding Perpaduan Malaysia



21 Jun 1962
Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold telah disiapkan dan dikemukakan kepada kerajaan British dan kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu


Julai 1962
Kata sepakat dicapai Perdana Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Tunku Abdul Rahman dengan Tuan Harold MacMillan Perdana Menteri British untuk mengadakan rundingan.

9 Julai 1963
Perjanjian penting telah ditandatangani di Pejabat Perhubungan Komanwel di Malborough House, London. Perjanjian penubuhan Persekutuan Malaysia telah ditandatangani oleh wakil-wakil kerajaan British,Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Sabah, Sarawak dan Singapura.




16 September 1963
Upacara pengisytiharan Malaysia diadakan di Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur. Pengisytiharan penubuhan Malaysia telah dibacakan oleh Perdana Menteri, Tunku Abdul Rahman dihadapan lebih kurang 30 000 rakyat Malaysia



Watikah pemasyuharan Malaysia yang ditandatangani oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia, YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj pada 16 September 1963.



sumber : www.arkib.gov.my