Sistem Angin Permukaan Bumi

mok_nik

w/salam

mok nik tau just a little things about mistral/maestral wind..


The mistral/maestral is a cold, northerly katabatic wind flowing into the Gulf of Lion from the southern coast of France. Maestrals are most common during winter and spring, although gale-force events can occur year-round. The wind is characterized by the sinking of cold air generated over the mountains and then funneled through the Garone Valley between the Pyrennes and the Massif Central and through the Rhone Valley farther east between the Massif Central and the Alps. In the winter, wind speeds can reach over 100 knots off the southern coast of France. Gale-force Mistrals often develop when cyclogenesis occurs over the Gulf of Genoa with the passage of the 500 mb trough through eastern France. The effects of gale-force Mistrals can extend into the western and central Mediterranean, creating high sea states throughout the entire region, especially blowing through the Strait of Bonifacio between the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Mistrals are considered the most dangerous of all Mediterranean winds because of their high speeds and persistence. The maestral is the most characteristic wind in the early spring and summer.

mok_nik

mok nik have some info about Mediterranean Winds System. Beside mistral/maestral wind, it has Bora—Adriatic Sea, Bora—Aegean Sea, Etesian, Levante, Mistral, Sirocco, and Westerly.

I'm tried cari info in Bahasa but it's hard to find it...

Bora--Adriatic Sea

Cold, north to northeast katabatic wind flowing through mountain passages into the Adriatic Sea east of Italy (similar to Bora--Aegean Sea). Bora--Adriatic Sea may be associated with stormy weather, with winds reaching 100 kts or more. Bora-Adriatic Sea develops in the winter when cold polar air builds over the Balkans and flows katabatically through the valleys of the Dinaric Alps and into the Adriatic Sea. As shown, Bora--Adriatic Sea flow is generally confined to the Adriatic Sea area, as the Alps to the north, and the Apennines to the west, channel the flow southwestward. Bora--Adriatic Sea can reach gale to storm-force strengths, and can extend well out to sea, but are usually confined to the coast in the northeast Adriatic. The Bora--Adriatic Sea can also be produced when high pressure over the Balkans interacts with a low in the Ionian Sea. Funneling through the Strait of Otranto can produce storm force northerlies and associated high seas

mok_nik

Bora--Aegean Sea

Cold, north to northeast katabatic wind flowing from the Balkans Peninsula and the mountains of western Turkey, through the Vardar and Dardenelles gaps and finally into the Aegean Sea (similar to Bora--Adriatic Sea). The flow is confined to the Aegean Sea by the Rhodope mountain range to the north of the Aegean Sea, the Boz Daglar to the east and the Pindus mountains to the west. As the flow moves south, it is channeled and its direction changes to northwesterly flow. The gale-force Bora--Aegean Sea can also be produced when high pressure over the Balkans interacts with a low moving across Crete, south of the Aegean Sea.

mok_nik

Etesian

Prevailing northerly monsoonal winds in the summer and early fall, flowing into the Aegean Sea and into the eastern Mediterranean. Etesian has a similar flow pattern to the wintertime Bora--Aegean Sea winds. The NW flow is confined to the Aegean Sea by the Rhodope mountain range to the north of the Aegean Sea, the Boz Daglar to the east and the Pindus Mountains to the west. Etesian winds are associated with clear skies and dry cool weather. Gale-force Etesians may occur as a result of thermal lows deepening over Turkey. Due to the extended duration of these winds, they can produce significant seas along the Egyptian and Israeli coasts. These steady winds seldom reach gale-force strength except when channeled through passes. The gale-force Etesian is induced by the interaction of the seasonal trough along the south coast of Turkey and high pressure over eastern Europe.

mok_nik

Levante

Warm, east to northeast wind that flows from the Alboran Channel and is funneled through the Strait of Gibraltar. Gale-force Levante extends to the eastern Gulf of Cadiz. "Levanter" is the English name for this wind in the Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Channel. Synoptically, Levante can occur in three ways: (a) high pressure over central Europe and relatively low pressure over the southwest Mediterranean, (b) high pressure cell over the Balearic Islands (Levante will be localized around the Strait), and (c) an approaching cold front from the west toward the Strait of Gibraltar. During the winter months, gale-force Levante often follow the end of gale-force Mistral events. Oftentimes, satellite imagery can depict the onset of gale-force Levante when low stratus clouds dam up along the eastern side of the Strait of Gibraltar. During the summer, gale-force Levante is generally confined to the Strait of Gibraltar.

mok_nik

Sirocco

This term is an all-inclusive name given to warm (or hot) southeast to southwest winds originating in the hot, dry air masses over Libya and Egypt, flowing northward into the south-central Mediterranean basin. Siroccos occur as a result of surface and upper level depressions moving eastward across the southern Mediterranean Sea or north Africa. The air flows northward from the Sahara desert, south of Tunisia, as well as from Libya and Egypt, producing hot, dry and dusty conditions over the northern African coast, resulting in poor visibility and damage to instruments and equipment. As it travels northward, the Sirocco builds moisture and clouds, causing fog and rain within the northern Mediterranean regions such as Italy and Greece. The onset of a gale-force Sirocco often occurs as a surface low moves into the Gulf of Gabes from Tunisia, combined with the passage of a deep 500 mb trough extending well into north Africa and positioned west of the Gulf of Gabes. The gale-force Sirocco is most common during the spring.

mok_nik

Westerly

Winds that flow through the Strait of Gibraltar, but in direction opposite to the Levante. There are two types of Westerly winds: (a) Vendaval, strong southwesterlies ahead of cold fronts that occur with a low advancing from the west, often accompanied by thunderstorms and violent squalls, and (b) Poniente, northwesterlies behind cold fronts flowing off the southeast coast of Spain and into the Alboran Channel, as well as through the Strait of Gibraltar. Both types of Westerly winds are associated with 500 mb trough passages through the Strait of Gibraltar.