Apa beza bronchitis dan brochiolitis?

honeybee1802

apa beza dua nih?and apa perkaitan dia?

mbhcsf

bezanya dari aspek

the target group - bronchiolitis predominantly affects  paediatrics population - common pada kes kes kanak - kanak / budak budak  , while bronchitis usually occur  among older children or adults.

SAYA BUKAN DOKTOR , so tolong check  balik , yer....

hainina

xtau ..... ni br tgk ada 2 bunyi hampir sama

redbun

What is Bronchiolitis?

Bronchiolitis is a common illness of the respiratory tract caused by an infection that affects the tiny airways, called the bronchioles, that lead to the lungs. As these airways become inflamed, they swell and fill with mucus, making breathing difficult.

Bronchiolitis:

most often affects infants and young children because their small airways can become blocked more easily than those of older kids or adults
typically occurs during the first 2 years of life, with peak occurrence at about 3 to 6 months of age
is more common in males, children who have not been breastfed, and those who live in crowded conditions




Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. Bronchitis may be short-lived (acute) or chronic, meaning that it lasts a long time and often recurs.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Acute bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Initially, it affects your nose, sinuses, and throat and then spreads to the lungs.  
Sometimes, you may get another (secondary) bacterial infection in the airways.This means that bacteria infect the airways, in addition to the virus.

People at risk for acute bronchitis include:

Elderly, infants, and young children
Smokers
People with heart or lung disease


Maaf ler ini saja yang dapat saya bantu.. kalau nak keterangan lanjut..boleh la layari laman web nih...http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/bronchitis?utm_medium=ask&utm_source=smart&utm_campaign=article&utm_term=Bronchitis&ask_return=Bronchitis

honeybee1802

tu ah..dah bc sumthing like this...tp still aku confuse gak nih...yg aku tau bronchiolitis inflammation kat bronchiol...yg bronchitis..kat bronchi...
which is worse?or dedua lebih kurang jek?
kalo ada term gini.....
".......bronchitis and its complications...." or "....bronchiolitis and its complications..."
komplikasinya sama or berbeza?apa contih2 komplikasi dia?

redbun

Definition

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. Bronchitis may be short-lived (acute) or chronic, meaning that it lasts a long time and often recurs.


Alternative Names
Inflammation - bronchi


Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Acute bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Initially, it affects your nose, sinuses, and throat and then spreads to the lungs. Sometimes, you may get another (secondary) bacterial infection in the airways.This means that bacteria infect the airways, in addition to the virus.

People at risk for acute bronchitis include:

Elderly, infants, and young children
Smokers
People with heart or lung disease
Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. People have a cough that produces excessive mucus. To be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus most days of the month for at least 3 months.

Chronic bronchitis is also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD for short. (Emphysema is another type of COPD.) As the condition gets worse, you become increasingly short of breath, have difficulty walking or exerting yourself physically, and may need supplemental oxygen on a regular basis.

Cigarette smoke, including long-term exposure to second-hand smoke, is the main cause of chronic bronchitis. The severity of the disease often relates to how much you smoked or how long you were exposed to the smoke.

The following things can make bronchitis worse: Air pollution, certain occupations (like coal mining, textile manufacturing, or grain handling), infection, and allergies.


Symptoms

The symptoms of either type of bronchitis include:

Cough that produces mucus; if yellow-green in color, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection
Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity
Wheezing
Fatigue
Fever -- usually low
Chest discomfort
Even after acute bronchitis has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks.

Additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:

Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu)
Ankle, feet, and leg swelling
Blue-tinged lips from low levels of oxygen

redbun

Signs and tests

Rales (abnormal sounds in the lungs) or other abnormal breathing sounds may be heard by your doctor on lung examination with a stethoscope.
Pulmonary (lung function tests provide information useful for diagnosis and prognosis.
Pulse oximetry is a device connected to your finger that displays the amount of oxygen in your blood.
Arterial blood gas is a more exact (but more painful and invasive) measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
Chest x-ray
Sputum samples  may be taken, to check for evidence of inflammation or bacterial infection .

Treatment

For acute bronchitis caused by a virus, you DO NOT need antibiotics. The infection will generally clear on its own within one week. Take the following steps for some relief:

Take aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol) if you have a fever. DO NOT give aspirin to children .
Rest.
Drink plenty of fluids.
Use a humidifier or steam in the bathroom.
DO NOT smoke.

If your symptoms do not improve, your doctor may prescribe an inhaler to open your airways. If your doctor thinks that you have a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotics will be prescribed.

For chronic bronchitis, the most important step you can take is to QUIT smoking. If caught early enough, you can reverse the damage to your lungs. Other important steps include:

Limit your exposure to pollutants and other lung irritants.
Get a flu vaccine each year and a pneumococcal vaccine as directed by your doctor.
Attend a respiratory training program that includes physical activity and breathing exercises. Your doctor can recommend a medically appropriate and well-supervised program. If it is early in your disease process, you can likely exercise on your own; talk to your doctor about safety.

Your doctor will usually prescribe inhaled medicines for chronic bronchitis. These drugs, which include bronchodilators like albuterol and ipratropium, open your constricted airways and aid in the clearance of mucus. An oral bronchodilator called theophylline and steroids (either inhaled or by mouth) are often necessary as well. If you have an active infection, your doctor will put you on antibiotics and sometimes recommend regular antibiotics to prevent infection.

If you have low oxygen levels, home oxygen will be used.

redbun

Expectations (prognosis)

For acute bronchitis, symptoms usually resolve within 7 to 10 days if you do not have an underlying lung disorder. However, a dry, hacking cough can linger for a number of months.

The chance for recovery is poor for people with advanced chronic bronchitis. Early recognition and treatment, combined with smoking cessation, significantly improve the chance of a good outcome.


Complications

Pneumonia can develop from either acute or chronic bronchitis. If you have chronic bronchitis, you are susceptible to recurrent respiratory infections. You may also develop:

Right-sided heart failure or cor pulmonale
Emphysema
Pulmonary hypertension

Calling your health care provider

Call your doctor if:

You are coughing up blood.
You have a high fever or shaking chills.
You have a low-grade fever for three or more days.
You have thick, greenish mucus, especially if it has a bad smell.
You feel short of breath or have chest pain.
You have an underlying chronic illness, like heart or lung disease.
You have a cough most days of the month or you have a frequently recurring cough.

Prevention

Wash your hands (and your children's hands) frequently to avoid spreading viruses and other infections.
DO NOT smoke.
Get an annual flu vaccine and a pneumococcal vaccine as directed by your doctor.
Minimize exposure to air pollutants.

http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/bronchitis/3

redbun

The lungs are located in the chest cavity and are responsible for respiration. The alveoli are small sir sacs where oxygen is exchanged in the lungs.



Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the bronchioles (smaller airways that branch off the main airway) usually caused by a viral infection.

http://www.healthline.com/adamim ... 000975&id=17098

[ Last edited by  redbun at 2-6-2009 00:21 ]

redbun

Definition

Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small passages in the lungs (bronchioles), usually caused by a viral infection.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 to 6 months. It is a common, sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:

Adenovirus
Influenza
Parainfluenza
The virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal secretions or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause a severe illness in an infant.

Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by the first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.

Risk factors include:

Being exposed to cigarette smoke
Being younger than 6 months old
Living in crowded conditions
Never being breastfed
Prematurity (born before 37 weeks gestation)

Symptoms

Some children have infections with few or minor symptoms.

Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection that, over a period of 2 to 3 days, can develop into increasing respiratory distress with wheezing and a "tight" wheezy cough.

The infant's breathing rate may increase a lot (tachypnea), and the infant may become irritable or anxious-looking. If the disease is severe enough, the infant may turn bluish (cyanotic), which is an emergency.

As the effort of breathing increases, parents may see the child's nostrils flaring with each breath and the muscles between the ribs retracting (intercostal retractions) as the child tries to breathe in air. This can be exhausting for the child, and very young infants may become so tired that they have difficulty maintaining breathing.

Symptoms include:

Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis)
Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing
Fever
Intercostal retractions
Nasal flaring in infants
Rapid breathing (tachypnea)

Signs and tests

Signs include:

Decreased blood oxygen
Wheezing and crackling sounds heard through stethoscope exam of chest
Tests include:

Blood gases
Chest x-ray
Nasal fluid cultures (to determine which virus is present)

redbun

Treatment

Sometimes, no treatment is necessary.

Supportive therapy can include:

Chest clapping
Clear fluids
Humidified air
Oxygen
Rest
Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. Medicines used in the hospital can include albuterol (a medication normally used in asthma) or steroids.

In extremely ill children, antiviral medications (such as ribavirin) are sometimes used. Antiviral treatment may decrease the severity and duration of the illness. To be effective, these medications must be given early in the course of the illness.


Expectations (prognosis)

Usually, the symptoms get better within a week, and breathing difficulty usually improves by the third day. The mortality rate is less than 1%.


Complications

Airways disease, including asthma, later in life
Respiratory failure
Secondary infection, such as pneumonia

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider immediately, or go to the emergency room if the child with bronchiolitis:

Becomes lethargic
Develops a bluish color in the skin, nails, or lips
Develops rapid shallow breathing
Has a cold that suddenly worsens
Has difficulty breathing
Flares nostrils or retracts chest muscles in an effort to breathe

Prevention

Most cases of bronchiolitis are not easily preventable because the viruses that cause the disorder are common in the environment. Careful attention to hand washing, especially around infants, can help prevent the spread of respiratory viruses.

Family members with an upper respiratory infection should be especially careful around infants. Wash your hands often, especially before handling the child.

At this date, there is no RSV vaccine available. However, there is an effective product, called palivizumab (Synagis), for infants who are at high risk of developing severe disease from RSV. Ask your child's doctor whether this medication is right for your child.

http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/bronchiolitis/2

redbun

The major features of the lungs include the bronchi, the bronchioles and the alveoli. The alveoli are the microscopic blood vessel-lined sacks in which oxygen and carbon dioxide gas are exchanged.



Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi, the main air passages to the lungs, it generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Symptoms include; coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and fatigue.



When air is inhaled through the nose or mouth, it travels down the trachea to the bronchus, where it first enters the lung. From the bronchus, air goes through the bronchi, into the even smaller bronchioles and lastly into the alveoli.



Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages in the lungs. The condition occurs over a long period and recurs over several years. Symptoms include excessive bronchial mucus with a cough producing sputum. Cigarette smoking (active and passive exposure) is the chief cause of this disease, with air pollution, infection, familial factors, and allergies as exacerbating factors.



Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the part of the respiratory system that leads into the lungs. Acute bronchitis has a sudden onset and usually appears after a respiratory infection, such as a cold, and can be caused by either a virus or bacteria. The infection inflames the bronchial tubes, which causes symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, wheezing, and the production of thick yellow mucus. If acute bronchitis occurs because of a bacterial infection antibiotics are given for the treatment. Otherwise if the infection is viral medications can only be given to alleviate the symptoms. Although acute bronchitis is relatively common, some people are more prone to it than others.



Chronic bronchitis is most frequently caused by long term irritation of the bronchial tubes. Bronchitis is considered "chronic" if symptoms continue for three months or longer. Bronchitis caused by allergies can also be classified as chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is caused most often by exposure to airborne pollutants such as cigarette smoke, excessive dust in the air, or chemicals. The bronchial lining becomes inflamed and the constant exposure to such pollutants begins to cause damage in the bronchioles (the smaller airways in the lungs. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis include shortness of breath or wheezing, chest pain, and chronic productive cough.



Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to chronic lung disorders that result in blocked air flow in the lungs. The two main COPD disorders are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the most common causes of respiratory failure. Emphysema occurs when the walls between the lung's air sacs become weakened and collapse. Damage from COPD is usually permanent and irreversible.

http://www.healthline.com/adamim ... 001087&id=19376

jaja_2

jaja kena bronchitis, dah dah 3 bulan lebih. gi jumpa specialist, dia bg ubat dgn inhaler. mslhnya, skang dah kurang skit, tp jaja terpaksa bgantung kat inhaler tu, kalau x jaja akan batuk dgn teruk.
   skang ni jaja plan nak pregnant, boleh kalau pakai inhaler tu waktu mengandung? ada efek apa2 x?

sudutgamat

samaada bronchitis atau brochiolitis, penawarnya yang paling berkesan ialah ubat herba 100% pankaja kasthuri.