archaeologist jumpa text hebrew tertua!!!

amazed

Archaeologists report finding oldest Hebrew text



Reuters – Archaeologist Yosef Garfinkel
shows a shard of pottery at the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem, October


JERUSALEM (Reuters) – Archaeologists in Israel said on Thursday they had unearthed the oldest Hebrew text ever found, while excavating a fortress city overlooking a valley where the Bible says David slew Goliath.

The dig's uncovering of the past near the ancient battlefield in the Valley of Elah, now home to wineries and a satellite station, could have implications for the emotional debate over the future of Jerusalem, some 20 km (12 miles) away.

Archaeologists from the Hebrew University said they found five lines of text written in black ink on a shard of pottery dug up at a five-acre (two-hectare) site called Elah Fortress, or Khirbet Qeiyafa.

Experts have not yet been able to decipher the text fully, but carbon dating of artifacts found at the site indicates the Hebrew inscription was written about 3,000 years ago, predating the Dead Sea Scrolls by 1,000 years, the archaeologists said.

Several words, including "judge," "slave" and "king," could be identified and the experts said they hoped the text would shed light on how alphabetic scripts developed.

In a finding that could have symbolic value for Israel, the archaeologists said other items discovered at the fortress dig indicated there was most likely a strong king and central government in Jerusalem during the period scholars believe that David ruled the holy city and ancient Israel.

Modern-day Israel often cites a biblical connection through David to Jerusalem in supporting its claim, which has not won recognition internationally, to all of the city as its "eternal and indivisible capital."

Palestinians, saying biblical claims have been superseded by the long-standing Arab population in Jerusalem, want the eastern part of the city, captured by Israel in a 1967 war, to be the capital of the state they hope to establish in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

"The chronology and geography of Khirbet Qeiyafa create a unique meeting point between the mythology, history, historiography and archaeology of King David," said Yosef Garfinkel, the lead archaeologist at the fortress site.





pada aku ni satu penemuan bersejarah nih!!!.... bukan senang nak jumpa text lama hebrew... sister aku pandai spiking hebrew dia ada belajaq dulu....  
kalu pasal dead scroll sea tuh.. aku ada gak baca sejarahnya  sejak dijumpai tak silap aku ler..1947 dulu...  

naen

Archaeologist Yosef Garfinkel shows a shard of pottery at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, October 30, 2008.


Archaeologist Yosef Garfinkel shows a shard of pottery at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, October 30, 2008.


The archaeological site called Elah Fortress, or Khirbet Qeiyafa, in an aerial photograph released by Hebrew University.
Archaeologists in Israel said on Thursday they had unearthed the oldest Hebrew text ever found, while excavating
a fortress city overlooking a valley where the Bible says David slew Goliath.

sekngucing

david and goliath ni sama dgn kisah talud dan jalud ke?

naen

ada kaitan ngan kisah tu

jalut = goliath
talud = saul
david = nabi daud

tinbeskut

jadi.. teks tu dah habis ditranslate kan ke ?

GRINDSAKHTANIC

hebrew nih bangsa apa ek?ada sesapa yang buleh jelaskan?

Lloni

Originally posted by GRINDSAKHTANIC at 5-11-2008 10:00 PM
hebrew nih bangsa apa ek?ada sesapa yang buleh jelaskan?

bangsa yahudi!

BeachBoys

amazed

ye ker samer??  my sister kata  lain pun  bunyiknyer... tak sama mana pun...  alphabet pun beza ler sangat!!

nazim5123

penemuan yang hebat

naen

3,000 years old; May point to the Israelite kingdom of King David

MATTHEW FISHER, Canwest News Service
Published: Monday, November 03
(source : canada.com)

Fifty characters of faded script that may predate the Dead Sea Scrolls by nearly 1,000 years have been found within sight of where the Bible says David slew Goliath with a stone fired from his sling.

A pottery shard bearing the script was discovered amid debris on the floor of an excavated home atop a rocky ridge in the Judean Hills, which looks over the Valley of Elah. Carbon-14 radiometric analysis done at Oxford University of two olive pits found in the same layer of debris as the broken piece of ceramic have indicated they date from the 10th century BC or about 3,000 years ago.

This would have been during the reign of King David of Jerusalem.


Yosef Garfinkel tours media around Elah Fortress, where the text was unearthed.
(Gil Cohen Magen, Reuters)

The pottery and other relics buried amid the ruins of what was a massive ancient fortress could provide proof of biblical accounts of the existence of a mighty Israelite kingdom. "It is the first time in archeology that we have found a fortress that was built at the time of David," said Yosef Garfinkel, who teaches archeology at Hebrew University and is overseeing the excavation site.

Torontonian Joey Silver, who provided $30,000 so Garfinkel could begin to excavate the fortress, said: "This is exciting and meaningful because every kid in the western world has heard stories about David and Goliath and David's son, King Solomon."

The five lines of text that have been discovered here were written in ink in proto-Canaanite, which was a precursor of Hebrew.

The writing is in the process of being deciphered by language experts, but the words "slave," "judge" and "king" had already been identified, Garfinkel said during a tour of the fortress that he gave yesterday to a group of journalists.

While confirming the immense historical importance of the find at what is to be called the Elah Fortress, some Israeli archaeologists have told local media that they doubted a precise link to the Israelites or to Hebrew could be proven because they were not the only people in the region to use a proto-Canaanite alphabet and because the dig site is located in an area that was the approximate border between the Israelites and their enemies - the Philistines.

As a result of the dearth of scientific evidence to support biblical accounts that David ruled over a great kingdom, there has been fierce debate among scholars of the period about the extent to which David's importance, and the battle against Goliath, has been mythologized.

However, Garfinkel said the relic supported the idea that Elah Fortress had been Israelite.

Nearly 1,000 animal bones unearthed at the site had been analyzed and none were found to have been from pigs or dogs, which were part of the Philistine diet. The bones were those of lambs and gazelles, which were eaten by Israelites.

The fortress was found by an Israeli teenager five years ago.

naen

Newly Found Inscription Could Be Oldest Hebrew Text, Says Archaelogist

By The Associated Press (Thu, Oct. 30 2008 11:57 AM EDT)

HIRBET QEIYAFA, Israel - An Israeli archaeologist digging at a hilltop south of Jerusalem believes a ceramic shard found in the ruins of an ancient town bears the oldest Hebrew inscription ever discovered, a find that could provide an important glimpse into the culture and language of the Holy Land at the time of the Bible.

The five lines of faded characters written 3,000 years ago, and the ruins of the fortified settlement where they were found, are indications that a powerful Israelite kingdom existed at the time of the Old Testament's King David, says Yossi Garfinkel, the Hebrew University archaeologist in charge of the new dig at Hirbet Qeiyafa.

Other scholars are hesitant to embrace Garfinkel's interpretation of the finds, made public on Thursday. The discoveries are already being wielded in a vigorous and ongoing argument over whether the Bible's account of events and geography is meant to be taken literally.

Hirbet Qeiyafa sits near the city of Beit Shemesh in the Judean foothills, an area that was once the frontier between the hill-dwelling Israelites and their enemies, the coastal Philistines. The site overlooks the Elah Valley, said to be the scene of the slingshot showdown between David and the Philistine giant Goliath, and lies near the ruins of Goliath's hometown in the Philistine metropolis of Gath.

A teenage volunteer found the curved pottery shard, 15 centimeters by 15 centimeters, in July near the stairs and stone washtub of an excavated home. It was later discovered to bear five lines of characters known as proto-Canaanite, a precursor of the Hebrew alphabet.

Carbon-14 analysis of burnt olive pits found in the same layer of the site dated them to between 1,000 and 975 B.C., the same time as the Biblical golden age of David's rule in Jerusalem.

Scholars have identified other, smaller Hebrew fragments from the 10th century B.C., but the script, which Garfinkel suggests might be part of a letter, predates the next significant Hebrew inscription by between 100 and 200 years. History's best-known Hebrew texts, the Dead Sea scrolls, were penned on parchment beginning 850 years later.

The shard is now kept in a university safe while philologists translate it, a task expected to take months. But several words have already been tentatively identified, including ones meaning judge, slave and king.

The Israelites were not the only ones using proto-Canaanite characters, and other scholars suggest it is difficult - perhaps impossible - to conclude the text is Hebrew and not a related tongue spoken in the area at the time. Garfinkel bases his identification on a three-letter verb from the inscription meaning to do, a word he said existed only in Hebrew.

"That leads us to believe that this is Hebrew, and that this is the oldest Hebrew inscription that has been found," he said.

Other prominent Biblical archaeologists warned against jumping to conclusions.

Hebrew University archaeologist Amihai Mazar said the inscription was very important, as it is the longest proto-Canaanite text ever found. But he suggested that calling the text Hebrew might be going too far.

"It's proto-Canaanite," he said. "The differentiation between the scripts, and between the languages themselves in that period, remains unclear."

Some scholars and archeologists argue that the Bible's account of David's time inflates his importance and that of his kingdom, and is essentially myth, perhaps rooted in a shred of fact.

But if Garfinkel's claim is borne out, it would bolster the case for the Bible's accuracy by indicating the Israelites could record events as they happened, transmitting the history that was later written down in the Old Testament several hundred years later.

It also would mean that the settlement - a fortified town with a 10-meter-wide monumental gate, a central fortress and a wall running 700 meters in circumference - was probably inhabited by Israelites.

The finds have not yet established who the residents were, says Aren Maier, a Bar Ilan University archaeologist who is digging at nearby Gath. It will become more clear if, for example, evidence of the local diet is found, he said: "Excavations have shown that Philistines ate dogs and pigs, while Israelites did not."

"The nature of the ceramic shards found at the site suggest residents might have been neither Israelites nor Philistines but members of a third, forgotten people," he said.

"If the inscription is Hebrew, it would indicate a connection to the Israelites and make the text one of the most important texts, without a doubt, in the corpus of Hebrew inscriptions," Maier said. "But it has great importance whatever the language turns out to be," he added.

Saar Ganor, an Israel Antiquities Authority ranger, noticed the unusual scale of the walls while patrolling the area in 2003. Three years later he interested Garfinkel, and after a preliminary dig they began work in earnest this summer. They have excavated only 4 percent of the six-acre settlement so far.

Archaeology has turned up only scant finds from David's time in the early 10th century B.C., leading some scholars to suggest his kingdom may have been little more than a small chiefdom or that he might not have existed at all.

Garfinkel believes building fortifications like those at Hirbet Qeiyafa could not have been a local initiative: The walls would have required moving 200,000 tons of stone, a task too big for the 500 or so people who lived there. Instead, it would have required an organized kingdom like the one the Bible says David ruled.

Zionism has traditionally seen archaeology as a way of strengthening and explaining the Jewish claim to Israel, and regarded David's kingdom as the glorious ancestor of the new Jewish state. So finding evidence of his rule has importance beyond its interest to scholars.

The dig is partially funded by Foundation Stone, a Jewish educational organization, which hopes to bring volunteers to work there as a way of teaching them a national and historical lesson.

"When I stand here, I understand that I'm on the front lines of the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines," said Rabbi Barnea Levi Selavan, the group's director. "I open my Bible and read about David and Goliath, and I understand that I'm in the Biblical context."

While the site could be useful to scholars, archaeologist Israel Finkelstein of Tel Aviv University urged adhering to the strict boundaries of science.

Finkelstein, who has not visited the dig but attended a presentation of the findings, warned against what he said was a revival in the belief that what's written in the Bible is accurate like a newspaper. That style of archaeology was favored by 19th century European diggers who trolled the Holy Land for physical traces of Biblical stories, their motivation and methods more romantic than scientific.

"This can be seen as part of this phenomenon," Finkelstein said.

naen

kalau ada yg perasan, 2 artikel tu ada sebut pasal tulisan " Proto-Canaanite "
camni hah rupanya :



more infos : proto-canaanite-wikipedia

cronicle86

ni text hebrew nih sape plak yg tulis????
cam kat kpingan tanah liat je..
ape2 pon aku suke pasal sejarah bani israel..

amazed

wowzieee  ko taw tak naen; masa aku skolah dulu  aku ngan geng '4 bad company' aku... kitorang ada cipta tulisan code gak... mcm hebrew ler pulok.... tee hee    so, bila kitorang rasa nak pedajalkan budak2 junior... pakai code ajer bila hantar mesej tuh.. :victory:   tu kira antik gak  wooo!!!