Darjah dan gelaran kebesaran

idx

Kat Malaysia ni ada byaka gelaran, Datuk, Dato' Datuk Paduka etc..tapi tak semua dari kita tahu perbezaan setiap gelaran berkenaan. Tahukah anda ada sesetengah anugerah/gelaran dihadkan bilangan penerimanya?

Saya terjumpa artikel berkenaan darjah dan gelar di Wiki.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_titles

The following titles are hereditary and reserved for the royal families of Brunei and the nine royal states of Malaysia.

• Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally, "He who is made Supreme Lord" but usually "Supreme Head" or "Paramount Ruler") is the official title of the ruler of all Malaysia, elected from among the nine heads of the royal families. The title is often glossed King in English.
• Yang di-Pertuan Negara (literally "He who is made Lord of the State" but usually "Head of State") is the official title of the Sultan of Brunei. The title was also used in Singapore until its independence in 1965, upon which the title became President.
• Yang di-Pertuan Besar (literally "He who is made Great Lord", but often "Great Lord") is the official title of the Ruler of Negeri Sembilan. All other Rulers are Sultans except the Raja of Perlis.
• Yang di-Pertua Negeri is not a royal title, but the title of a Governor of a state which does not have a hereditary ruler.
• Tuanku is both a title when used before a name and form of address when used alone, and is reserved for the Malay Rulers. It literally means "My Lord", and as a form of address can be glossed as "Your Majesty" or "Your Highness", but is left untranslated when used as a title. In Aceh, now a province of Indonesia, "Tuanku" is given to children and grandchildren of a ruling monarch. In Sarawak, "Tuanku" is the prefix used by certain noble families.
• Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Kedah, and Ungku or Engku to denote particular lineages, and Raja in Perak and certain Selangor lineages, and Syed/Sharifah in Perlis if suffixed by the royal clan name) is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess. In Aceh, "Tengku" is the title given to religious officers, eg. Tengku Imam Meunasah (leader of the mosque).
• Pengiran Muda and Pengiran Anak is a royal title for the royal families of Brunei.
• Pengiran is a hereditary title for people that have blood ties with the Bruneian Royal Family.

The following styles often precede the royal title on formal notices:

• Ke Bawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia (literally "The Dust Under The Feet of His Exalted Highness") is used for the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and state Rulers alike. However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong also uses the prefix "Seri Paduka Baginda" (literally, "Conqueror Majesty") and in English, his title is often translated as "His Majesty". A state Ruler is "His Royal Highness" (in colonial times "His Highness"). Since 1984, the ruler of Johor has used the title "Baginda" as well, but he is still referred to in English as "His Royal Highness". The ruler of Perak also uses the prefix "Paduka Seri" which is derived from the archaic formula "Paduka Seri Maulana". The ruler of Negeri Sembilan also used the prefix "Paduka Seri" between 1993 and 2004 (this has since been dropped). These titles are not used as a form of address - instead Tuanku is used.
• Yang Teramat Mulia is used by the children of reigning Sultans (except in Negeri Sembilan) and by the Dato' Kelana, the Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan
• Yang Amat Mulia is used by the children of the ruler of Negeri Sembilan and Johor, the Undang of Jelebu, Johol and Rembau and the Tunku Besar of Tampin in Negeri Sembilan

Yang Mulia are used for other heirs and heiresses, who are the descendants of royal families.


to be continued...

[ Last edited by  idx at 10-9-2007 03:54 PM ]

idx

Federal titles
In Malaysia, federal awards are granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and some may carry the following federal titles. Such titles are honorary and non-hereditary.

Tun
The Tun title has existed in the Malay Heritage for hundreds of years.
In ancient times, Tun was an honorofic title used by noble people of royal lineage and Tun is a title inherited by the male descendants.
Over the time, the Tun title is a title conferred by Agong to the most deserving figure who has highly contributed to the nation.
Tun is the most senior federal title awarded to recipients of either the SMN (Seri Maharaja Mangku Negara) or SSM (Seri Setia Mahkota). However, the SMN and SSM are not the highest federal awards. The SMN ranks fourth in order of Federal Awards and the SSM ranks fifth. The highest federal award granted by the Malaysian government is the Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa.
There may not be more than 25 local living holders of each of these awards at any one time. The honorific address for the wife of a Tun is Toh Puan. [1]
[2] The most recent recipient is former deputy prime minister Tun Musa Hitam during the Yang Dipertuan Agong's birthday in June, 2006. Following the demise of Musa's successor, Tun Ghafar Baba in April, 2006, there was a vacancy of one recipient of the Tunship from the 25 local living holders. Former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad and wife, Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohd Ali, who were both bestowed the title upon the former's retirement from politics and the government in October 2003.
The numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may receive the award in a supernumerary and honorary capacity and use the title locally.

Tan Sri
Tan Sri is the second most senior federal title and a honorific used to denote recipients of the PMN (Panglima Mangku Negara) and the PSM (Panglima Setia Mahkota). The PMN and PSM rank seventh and eight respectively in the order of Malaysian Federal Awards.
There may be at any time up to a maximum of 75 PMN holders living at any one time, and a maximum of 250 PSM holders living at any one time. The wife of a Tan Sri is Puan Sri.
The numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may receive the award in a supernumerary and honorary capacity and use the title locally.

Datuk
Datuk is a federal title has been conferred since 1965 and limited to recipients of PJN (Panglima Jasa Negara) of which there may be up to 200 living at any one time, and PSD (Panglima Setia Diraja) of which there may be up to 200 living at any one time. The PJN and PSN rank 9th and 10th respectively in the rank of federal awards.
The wife of a federal Datuk is a Datin.

A female conferred the title in her own right is known as "Datin Paduka", although the prefix "Datuk" is still more commonly used for females as well.
The numerical limits apply only to Malaysian subjects. Foreigners may receive the award in a supernumerary and honorary capacity and use the title locally.
Individual states that has a head of state nominated by the respective state's legislature may confer the title of 'Datuk' to individuals. However, this is different from the title "Dato'", where it is given by individual states that has a Sultan and not a head of state nominated by the state legislature. For example, Yang Dipertua Negeri Melaka is a head of state nominated by the Melaka state legislature and may confer the title of 'Datuk' while the Sultan of Pahang is the hereditary ruler of the state of Pahang and may confer the title of "Dato'".

The award of these titles is determined by the individual rulers and there is no set limit on the number of state Dato's.

[ Last edited by  idx at 10-9-2007 03:59 PM ]

idx

State titles

The following titles, which roughly correspond to the British knighthood, can be granted by the Ruler or Governor of each state. They are honorary and non-hereditary.
Dato'
Different to the awarding of Datuk, the award of Dato' (pronounced in similar manner as Datuk) can only be conferred by a hereditary Royal ruler of one of nine Malay states.
Other types of Dato':

• Dato' Seri Utama is the highest state title, below Tun but above Tan Sri. The wife of a recipient is "Datin Seri Utama" .
• Dato' Seri or Dato' Paduka ranks below the federal titles above. The wife of a Dato' Seri is a Datin Seri.
• Dato' is the most common chivalrous title. The wife of a Dato' is a Datin, except in Terengganu where they are known as "To' Puan" (not to be confused with "Toh Puan", the wife of a non-hereditary "Tun").

There are also hereditary Dato's from Negeri Sembilan, where titles are held for life by heads of certain families and passed on to their heirs. These are not conferred by the ruler, but passed on through the customary native laws. The wife of a hereditary Dato' is addressed by courtesy as "To' Puan".
In other states, certain noble families also have hereditary titles and are addressed as Dato'. For example, the current Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Seri Najib Tun Razak, is hereditary Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar of Pahang and would have been addressed as "Dato'" even if he had not been conferred a "Dato' Seri" state award.
Datuk
A ruler who is appointed by the Yang Di Pertuan Agong, namely the Governor of Melaka, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak, can confer the award of Datuk, not Dato'.
Some state rulers grant awards which carry titles unique to that state, such as Datuk Wira of the state of Melaka and Datuk Amar and Datuk Patinggi of the state of Sarawak and Datuk Seri Panglima of the state of Sabah.
State awards may be revoked by the Ruler or Governor, and may be returned by the individual.
Honorary styles
The following are both used as styles, before a person's title, and (by themselves) as forms of address:

• Tuan Yang Terutama (T.Y.T.) (literally "The Most Eminent Master") is the style of a state Governor, equivalent to "Your/His Excellency" and also as a title for serving Ambassadors to Malaysia, e.g. T.Y.T. Tuan Christopher J. LaFleur.
• Yang Amat Berhormat (Y.A.B.) (literally "The Most Honourable") is the style of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, Tuns who are also Members of Parliament and the Chief Ministers of the states. Tuns who are not Members of Parliament, are addressed as Yang Amat Berbahagia (Y.A.Bhg.).
• Yang Berhormat (Y.B.) (literally "The Honourable") is the style of Members of Parliament and state Legislative Assemblymen. A prince who is a Member of Parliament is "Yang Berhormat Mulia" eg Yang Berhormat Mulia Tengku Tan Sri Razaleigh Hamzah, the MP for Gua Musang. "Yang Berhormat" is also used for recipients of the First Class Order of the Crown of Johor (S.P.M.J.) regardless whether he is a Member of Parliament or not.
• Yang Amat Arif (Y.A.A.) (literally "The Most Learned") is the style of the Chief Justice of Malaysia, the President of the Malaysian Court of Appeal, the Chief Judge of the High Court of Malaya and the Chief Judge of the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak.
• Yang Arif (Y.A.) (literally "The Learned") is the style of a judge.
• Yang Berbahagia (Y.Bhg.) (literally "The Felicitous") (and variants thereof) are the styles of persons with a chivalrous title.

The English versions of these styles follow British usage. Thus the Prime Minister, Cabinet ministers, Senators, state Executive Councillors and judges of the High Court and above are styled the Honourable. It is a solecism to style the Prime Minister or a Chief Minister Right Honourable as they are not members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

[ Last edited by  idx at 10-9-2007 04:03 PM ]

idx

Other Malay Titles By Inheritance

• Syed is a title inherited by male descendants, through the male line, from the Prophet via his grandsons Hassan and Hussein. Female descendants are known as Syarifah or Sharifah. However, "Syed" has also been used as a name by some parents and is no longer strictly indicative of this heritage.
• Megat is a title inherited by the male descendant of a Megat.
• Puteri is a title inherited by the female descendant of a Megat.
• Tun is a title inherited by the issue of a Puteri, the female descendant of a Megat and a commoner father, in turn inheritable through the male line. In Pahang it is the title of a male or female descendant of a Sultan through the distaff line.
• Meor is a title inherited by the male issue of a Syarifah and non-Syed father and for female the first letter of the name comes with' Ma' as in " Ma Mastura". Typically used in Perak and few other states such as Terengganu and Kelantan.
• Wan is a title inherited by the issue of a male Wan. Typically found in Kelantan and Terengganu. In Kedah, Wan is the title used by descendants of certain former chief ministers of the state, e.g. the descendants of Wan Mohd Saman. Wan can also be used as the title for a girl's name, but this is uncommon.
• Nik is a title inherited by the issue of a male Nik. Typically found Kelantan and Terengganu.
• Abang is a title that is particularly found only in Sarawak and is inherited. Its origin rooted from the appointments of Datuk Patinggi, Datuk Temenggung, Datuk Bandar and Datuk Imam since the 18th century, long before the British colonization. The sons and daughters of these state dignitaries carry the title Abang (for sons) and Dayang (for daughters). The style Yang Mulia is used in front of both Abang and Dayang, when addressing him or her publicly, and is the equivalent of The Honourable in layman's term. When an Abang marries a Dayang or a female commoner, the child(ren) will get to keep the title. The child(ren) of a Dayang will carry no title if she marries a male commoner. However, if a Dayang marries a male aristocrat bearing a different title than hers, her child(ren) will be named according to the husband's given title.

Other salutations

• Haji (or Hajjah for female) can be used by people who have completed the Hajj.
• Tuan is equivalent to Master. Due to its colonial overtones, this term is largely obsolete, although the title can still be prepended to Syed and Haji. It is also used for non-titled Members of Parliament and State Assemblymen. In some states like Kelantan, it could also denote a membership of the royal family.
• Encik is equivalent to Mr and can be used by all men.
• Puan can be used by all married women. It is equivalent to 'Ms' not 'Mrs' as in the Malay language, married women do not use the names and/or surnames of their husbands.
• Cik is equivalent to Miss and can be used by all unmarried women.
• Awang is the term used for addressing men in Brunei and it is equivalent to Mr. However, certain Awang are hereditary, of which they may later claimed the title Pengiran since they are also blood related to the Brunei Sultanate. This, however can only be done after he gets the approval of the elders, and considered as matured enough to carry the title. The change is only eligible for those who inherit the name Awang from their family line. As for the rule of inheritance of the name, it is the same as Abang.
• Dayang is the term used for addressing women in Brunei and it is equivalent to Ms.

Semoga kita sama-sama akan lebih faham..menyusul lepas nih.. penganugerahan dan gelaran bagi negara-negara lain..

idx

Ini pulak darjah dan gelaran di Britain

Britain's royalty and nobility fascinate the rest of the world, especially Americans. We wonder what all those titles mean and who all those people we've seen at royal weddings and funerals are. And today (August 4, 2000) is a good day to talk about the royal family because it is the birthday of the Queen Mother, who is 100 years old.

The British royal family is like other families, made up of spouses, children, grandchildren, grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. The head of the British royal family is Queen Elizabeth II, and she is the one who decides who are bona fide members of the family and what titles they will carry.
A duke is the highest rank you can achieve without being a king or a prince. Historically a duke is a high-ranking nobleman, land-owner or a prince, and in feudal times was the lord over part of the country. Today the titles are largely symbolic and there are 28 dukedoms. Some people (like Prince Charles) have several dukedoms and some dukedoms are unassigned. When a duke who does not have an heir dies, the title returns to the royal family to be given out to someone new.

Not everyone who carries the title duke or earl is a member of today's royal family. Britain has a system of peerage, which ranks members of the nobility and aristocracy. Many titles of nobility were won many years ago through great wealth, favors to the king or good deeds and are passed on from one generation to the next. This is known as the inherited peerage. For example, Earl Spencer, the brother of the late Diana, Princess of Wales, is the ninth man in his family to carry that title. Before he became Earl Spencer (note that the practice is to drop the "of";) upon the death of his father, he was known as Charles Spencer or as Viscount Althorp, a title that his son, Louis, now carries.

Other noble titles are given on merit or on special occasions. The life peerage are titles that the monarch confers on exceptional people during their lifetimes, and those titles do not pass to children or descendents. Margaret Thatcher, the former prime minister of Britain, is now Baroness Thatcher. The British prime minister consults with the queen about who is deserving of a life peerage, and several people are elevated to the peerage every year. Life peers get a seat in the House of Lords, but a law passed in 1999 limits the right of hereditary peers to have a seat.

[ Last edited by  idx at 10-9-2007 04:14 PM ]

idx

The order of the titles in British Isles nobility from highest to lowest are:

Duke (and duchess): The name is derived from the Latin dux, which means leader. Most dukedoms carry a place name, although that means little to the modern titles because the holders are not the sovereigns of a land area.

Marquess or marquis (and marchioness): This title appeared in England with the Norman conquest and was given to nobles who were in charge of border areas. The name is related to older words for a frontier.

Earl (and countess): The name comes from a Norse word, jarl, which meant leader. It is equivalent to a count in European nobility.

Viscount (and viscountess): Pronounced VI-count, this title derives from the Latin comes for a companion and was sort of an assistant nobleman in the old days.

Baron (and baroness): The lowest rank of nobility came to England with the Normans, also, and the word is derived from the Norman word for a freeman. If you have a life peerage this is the highest title you can carry.
Below these are the lower nobility, who carry the titles:

Baronet: This title is granted to members of the upper classes, referred to as the gentry. The story is that King James I created the title to raise money.

Knight: In medieval times, knights were the soldiers of the king or of princes. Now, the queen grants knighthood to her subjects who have achieved great success in their professions. Paul McCartney, the former Beatle, has been knighted. The female equivalent is dame.

Esquire: In medieval times, an esquire was a candidate for knighthood. Nowadays, it is applied to members of the gentry just below knights.

idx

The queen bestowed titles on her sons at their marriages and gave her daughter a special title. She has several titles that are hers to do with as she wishes. If an inherited peer dies without an heir, the title becomes the crown's property. Some titles that the queen's sons hold are part of the Scottish or Irish peerage. The princes' titles can be inherited by their sons.
According to the royal family's official Web site, here are the members of the family today:

Syd

http://forum3.cari.com.my/viewth ... ighlight=beza%2BSyd

idx

TQ..syed.. maaf tak perasan dah ada post yang sama..tapi mungkin ada sesapa boleh cerita pasal darjah/kebesaran/gelaran untuk negara-negara lain..

Satu lagi saya nak tanya jika ada sesapa yang tahu berkenaan gelaran 'Orang Kaya'. Kalau ikutkan cuma pembesar-pembesar melayu zaman dahulu saja yang pakai gelaran nih..tapi ada sorang bekas lecturer saya ayahnya bernama Orang Kaya Rahmat..then pernah terlihat kat TV jugak ada person berbinkan Orang Kaya ___

fly_in_d_sky

title Dato nie leh beli ke?
yg dpt masa b'day sultan

chiKenliTeL

my closest relative got PJK