World War I - How It Started?

Topik ni mungkin berat sket ... tapi aku yakin tentu ada yang minat tentang perang ni.  Siapa yang ada teori lain atau cerita-cerita menarik untuk ditokoktambah ... dipersilakan.

Yang aku baca banyak teori atau pendapat tentang bagaimana World War I ini boleh berlaku .. antaranya :-

1.  PEMBUNUHAN ARCHDUKE FRANCIS FERDINAND
Archduke Francis Ferdinand dibunuh oleh Gavrilo Princip (Bosnian-Serb yang berumur 19 tahun ketika itu) di Sarajevo, Bosnia pada tahun 1914. Princip berpendapat pembunuhan Archduke ini akan dapat membebaskan cengkaman Austrian-Hungarian Empire ke atas rakyat Serbia.

Princip said on his defense :

" In trying to insinuate that someone else has instigated the assassination, one strays from the truth. The idea arose in our own minds, and we ourselves executed it. We have loved the people. I have nothing to say in my defense."

Princip was found guilty. Whether he would receive the death penalty or a prison term hinged on his exact birthday. One oaccount had him turn 20 days before the crime, another that he turned 20 a few days after . The court gave Princip the benefit of the doubt, and sentenced him to 20 years in prison. He died in the hospital of Theresienstadt prison on April of 1918, from tuberculosis of the bone.

Citer lengkap mengapa pembunuhan Archduke ini menyebebkan WWI ada KAT SINI (SILA CLICK)


Selepas ini aku akan sentuh tentang sebab-sebab lain World War I tercetus :-

2.  GERMANY WANTED TO BECOME MORE POWERFUL AND TAKE ALL THE LAND, THEY DECLARED WAR IN RUSSIA ON 1 AUGUST 1914

3.  BRITAIN MEMASUKI PEPERANGAN UNTUK MENOLONG BELGIUM DARI DISERANG GERMANY.

4.  AMERICANS TERLIBAT SETELAH KAPAL PERANG LUSITANIA DITENGGELAM MUSUH

[ Last edited by Ace-Frehley on 16-7-2003 at 08:16 PM ]

marquez

Bila nak sambung lagi? Aku punya pengetahuan tentang WW1 ni = 0. So kalau ko rajin sambunglah cerita. Sapa watak-watak utama perang ni?

M-

Originally posted by marquez at 2003-7-16 23:29:
Bila nak sambung lagi? Aku punya pengetahuan tentang WW1 ni = 0. So kalau ko rajin sambunglah cerita. Sapa watak-watak utama perang ni?

M-

Nanti aku sambung ... sources aku dah save kat ofis ... kat rumah tak der sources tu.  Aku tak suka paste macam tu jer ... panjang sangat, nanti korang boring baca ... biar aku baca dulu, summarize .. pastu baru aku post kat sini.

Aku pun tak tau sangat, tau about 10% ... just came into my mind about this topic kul 5 tadi ... then aku cari sources, fahamkan dulu ... then baru aku post

mbhcsf

buakan kah ia berkaitan dgn penjajahan ALSACE LORRAIN kat France ..
ini soalan mungkin remeh tapi siapakah pembunuh the Austrian archduke itu?
( sbb saya ade bace buku JTLescroart di ade tulis pasal bende ni dlm buku ceritanya yg bertajuk Son of Holmes mase ni anak holmes  jadi spy ..kalau nak tahu sile tanya saya tak marah le..)

yg Perjanjian Versailles tu bile pulak is it 2nd WW?

[ Last edited by mbhcsf on 17-7-2003 at 01:02 AM ]

WW1 ni agak complex sket chains of event nyer kalau nak dibandingkan dengan WW2 ... esok aku post lagi tentang WW1 ni.

marquez

Hopefully lepas ko buat WW1 sambunglah ngan WW2 lak; aku sejarah perang ni memang jahil. Baru tengah nak mula membaca sejarah dunia, tapi sekarang ni masih lagi permulaan tamadun...

wah, enah..ako mmg berminat gila ngn WWI, nie..tapi cm marquez, pengetahuan aku=0..hehehe

cuma apa yg aku dpt simpulkan, semangat "Nationalism" memainkan peranan..walopon revolusi peranchis 1789 telah lamer berlaku, tapi semangat untuk membebaskan diri dr penjajahan, monarki masih ada, mereka masuh demokrasi, yg mnegutamakan constitution...

jadik...korang tgk waktu tue..semua negara yg terlibat nak menaikkan taraf negara mereka---untuk memperlihatkan kunun diorang paling kuat dan semangat nationalism..

masa tue, dia eropah, jerman  belum bersatu (von bismark?..igt? dia yg bertanggungjwb menyatukan negara jerman)...itali belum ada lagi...i mean united italy, takde..cuma dikenali dgn nation states cm venice, genoa, sicily etc..(kemudian, yg me nyatukan itali ialah0 King victor emmanuel II)// ..jerman belum wujud, yg ada cuma empayar Austria-hungary dan Prussia (modern Jermen,,)..diorang nie bermusuh ngn Russia (russia kan menguasai negara eropah timur-ukraine, bosnia, belarus,etc)....



dia punya bekgraound mmg panjang giler, maksud ako, diorang mmg dah lama bermusuhan...itu belum masuk kes negara2 bawah Othmaniyyah nak membebaskan diri, ....tue belum masuk turki campurtangan, lagi..

cuma pembunuhan Ferdinand menjadi faktor utama meledaknya WWI... nanti next time citer..

[ Last edited by Andrea_Pirlo on 17-7-2003 at 12:24 PM ]

Bertemu kembali ... kalau nak memahami macam mana WWI ini bermula, lebih senang kalau kita mengikuti chains-of-events ... kita mulakan dengan peristiwa di bawah

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY REACTION TO THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE

Austria-Hungary's reaction to the death of their heir (who was in any case not greatly beloved by the Emperor, Franz Josef, or his government) was three weeks in coming.  Arguing that the Serbian government was implicated in the machinations of the Black Hand (whether she was or not remains unclear, but it appears unlikely), the Austro-Hungarians opted to take the opportunity to stamp its authority upon the Serbians, crushing the nationalist movement there and cementing Austria-Hungary's influence in the Balkans.

It did so by issuing an ultimatum to Serbia which, in the extent of its demand that the assassins be brought to justice effectively nullified Serbia's sovereignty.  Sir Edward Grey, the British Foreign Secretary, was moved to comment that he had "never before seen one State address to another independent State a document of so formidable a character."

Austria-Hungary's expectation was that Serbia would reject the remarkably severe terms of the ultimatum, thereby giving her a pretext for launching a limited war against Serbia.

However, Serbia had long had Slavic ties with Russia, an altogether different proposition for Austria-Hungary.  Whilst not really expecting that Russia would be drawn into the dispute to any great extent other than through words of diplomatic protest, the Austro-Hungarian government sought assurances from her ally, Germany, that she would come to her aid should the unthinkable happen and Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary.

Germany readily agreed, even encouraged Austria-Hungary's warlike stance.  Quite why we'll come back to later.

[ Last edited by Ace-Frehley on 17-7-2003 at 06:28 PM ]

Seterusnya ....

Austria-Hungary, unsatisfied with Serbia's response to her ultimatum (which in the event was almost entirely placatory: however her jibbing over a couple of minor clauses gave Austria-Hungary her sought-after cue) declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

The following telegram sent by Count Leopold von Berchtold (Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister) at 11.10 am to M. N. Pashitch (Serbian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister), who received it at 12.30 pm

Sent by telegram (the first such declaration of war)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vienna
28 July 1914

The Royal Serbian Government not having answered in a satisfactory manner the note of July 23, 1914, presented by the Austro-Hungarian Minister at Belgrade, the Imperial and Royal Government are themselves compelled to see to the safeguarding of their rights and interests, and, with this object, to have recourse to force of arms.

Austria-Hungary consequently considers herself henceforward in state of war with Serbia.

Count Berchtold

[ Last edited by Ace-Frehley on 17-7-2003 at 06:38 PM ]

Dalam pada itu ....

Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilisation of its vast army in her defence, a slow process that would take around six weeks to complete.


Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilisation as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, and after scant warning declared war on Russia on 1 August.

Berikut ialah PENGISYTIHARAN PEPERANGAN OLEH GERMAN KE ATAS RUSSIA (1 OGOS 1914) :-

Presented by the German Ambassador to St. Petersburg

The Imperial German Government have used every effort since the beginning of the crisis to bring about a peaceful settlement.  In compliance with a wish expressed to him by His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, the German Emperor had undertaken, in concert with Great Britain, the part of mediator between the Cabinets of Vienna and St. Petersburg; but Russia, without waiting for any result, proceeded to a general mobilisation of her forces both on land and sea.

In consequence of this threatening step, which was not justified by any military proceedings on the part of Germany, the German Empire was faced by a grave and imminent danger.  If the German Government had failed to guard against this peril, they would have compromised the safety and the very existence of Germany.

The German Government were, therefore, obliged to make representations to the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias and to insist upon a cessation of the aforesaid military acts. Russia having refused to comply with this demand, and having shown by this refusal that her action was directed against Germany, I have the honour, on the instructions of my Government, to inform your Excellency as follows:

His Majesty the Emperor, my august Sovereign, in the name of the German Empire, accepts the challenge, and considers himself at war with Russia.

Seterusnya ... pelan-pelan kita pergi kepada dua kuasa besar pada masa itu ; FRANCE dan BRITAIN.  Pertelingkahan ini juga melibatkan negara seperti BELGIUM yang terletak di antara GERMAN dan FRANCE.

France, bound by treaty to Russia, responded by announcing war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary on 3 August.  Germany promptly responded by invading neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route.

Britain, allied to France by a more loosely worded treaty which placed a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany on 4 August.  Her reason for entering the conflict lay in another direction: she was obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75-year old treaty.

CLICK HERE TO READ TREATY OF LONDON 1839 (which  bound Britain to guard the neutrality of Belgium in the event of the latter's invasion)

With Germany's invasion of Belgium on 4 August, and the Belgian King's appeal to Britain for assistance, Britain committed herself to Belgium's defence later that day.  Like France, she was by extension also at war with Austria-Hungary.

With Britain's entry into the war, her colonies and dominions abroad variously offered military and financial assistance, and included Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.

Ekekekekek ... aku baru faham camner perang meletus ... apasal Malaysia tak terlibat masa tu yer ... sedangkan Tanah melayu di bawah British pada masa tu.

SO, CAMNER ... DAH FAHAM SKET KAN ... NAK REHAT DULU KER? ATAU NAK SAMBUNG LAGI?

KITA RELAX DULU ... LEPAS NI KITA TENGOK PLAK CAMNER AMERIKA TERLIBAT SEKALI DALAM PEPERANGAN NI.  HARAP KORANG BOLEH TERIMA CARA PENYAMPAIAN AKU NI ... AKU TAK NAK SIMPLY COPY-AND-PASTE ... KENA ADA CARA SUPAYA LEBIH PRESENTABLE.

[ Last edited by Ace-Frehley on 17-7-2003 at 07:06 PM ]

mbhcsf

Mase tu Czar Nicholas is still alive , right ( 1914)?? just wanna make sure.
okay what's next..I think in 1914, USA was bing called The " little GIANT"....kalau salah tolong betulkan.....

[ Last edited by mbhcsf on 17-7-2003 at 07:05 PM ]

Originally posted by mbhcsf at 2003-7-17 19:03:
Mase tu Czar Nicholas is still alive , right ( 1914)?? just wanna make sure.
okay what's next..I think in 1914, USA was bing called The " little GIANT"....kalau salah tolong betulkan.... ...

Kurang pasti tentang royalty dan heir ni ... untuk topik ni saya lebih emphasize kan kepada chain-of-event ... anyway, untuk anda saya cari sket info tentang Czar ni ... saya hanya jumpa info tentang Czarina (Tsarina) Alexandra ... perang meletus tahun 1914 .. Alexandra dibunuh oleh Regim Bolshevik di Siberia pada tahun 1918.  Saya ada tengok movie tentang citer Tsarina ni dengan RASPUTIN ... dah tak ingat tajuk movie tu ... hero filem tu ialah WILLIAM HURT sebagai RASPUTIN.

gegulagetah

Salam

Kalau tak silap Rasputin gila kuasa. That was the last czar di Russia. Kisah sangat menarik...

AF, suka baca sejarah nampak? sometimes ok kalau presentation di simplify but sometimes bila kita simplify ia slanted pada kita punya interpretation.. but anyway facts are facts. Nice work!

TQ gegulagetah ... actually I tried not to paste the whole things and tried to write with my own words ... but then, letih sket ler pasal baru habis kerja ... so I came up with kinda presentations, with the hope that those who are interested to read will easily understand  ... I refrained myself from posting a very long topik .. it might turn off certain people.

At the same time, I refrain myself from naming individuals involved in this WW1 ... to me the most important thing is to highlight the chains of events which led to this WW1.

Well ... masa sekolah dulu cukup benci Sejarah ... mana tak benci nyer ... ada ker belajar sejarah pokok getah sampai ke Tanah Melayu dari Brazil ... boring boring

gegulagetah

Percaya atau tak, tak pernah pun amik sejarah sebab leceh nak menghapal tahun ler nama ler apa contribution dia kecuali utk SRP (Ya Allah, tua ghopenya aku! ) Bila dah tak payah nak mentelaah ni lah baru terhegeh hegeh bukak buku sejarah hehehe

Tak per lah AF, kita take time to read it long or not. Sometimes tu sayang bila dikerat article/report tu sbb ada yg byk sgt facts.. but still, I like reading your postings.. memang menarik.

mbhcsf

masa sekolah dulu cukup benci Sejarah ... mana tak benci nyer ... ada ker belajar sejarah pokok getah sampai ke Tanah Melayu dari Brazil ... boring boring

okay..

nak mencelah sikit...boleh specify a little bit  more about the part of history pokok getah that bored you..sbb it is not fair on my part to judge before i know the whole reason..

but then yes it is sboring kalau  kitalihat pokok geth tu dicuri dr brazil and kew garden and so on..but, itu dr  gambaran secara  kasaq / mudah.

Tapi bila kita lihat implication caused by extensive  growth of  rubber trees Hevea brasiliensis secara ladang ni in tanah Melayu (TM) not so long ago then, we know that it has caused quite a lot of things.

Firstly it has led to the  immigration of foreign workers to TM, then indirectly, it also caused  more road constructions/ railway system or other means of perhubungan la.. in TM. Thirdly, the  rubber - based industry  also developed due to the vast production of rubber ( with the help of S&T as well) , remember henry ford? remember automobiles industries?..karl benz / ? Daimler..yes they need alot rubbers for insulation/ tyres and so on...


and lastly in 1927 -32? yg mane harga getah merosot and British had to introduce th eStevenson punya  Rancangan pembatasan getah tu..itu sudah ade big impact on economy TM.. yes it rujust a rubber trees tapi ia juga empengaruhi socioeconomy Tm dan antara bangsa...

but then, put it in another way.. if could still remember this thing then how could you said that you tak minat sejarah..ingat la tu..so tak de lah boring kan...you have been paying attention then.

mbhcsf

Originally posted by Ace-Frehley at 2003-7-17 19:13:
Kurang pasti tentang royalty dan heir ni ... untuk topik ni saya lebih emphasize kan kepada chain-of-event ... anyway, untuk anda saya cari sket info tentang Czar ni ... saya hanya jumpa info tenta ...

okay bukan sebab ape ade kisah yg menarik antara czar Nicholas and Prince Phillips dr Britain kalau tak silap...( i might be wrong) esp tentang th elast days of their lives in Rusian during Bolshevik revolution...but that's is naother story to tell...

Originally posted by mbhcsf at 2003-7-17 19:03:
Mase tu Czar Nicholas is still alive , right ( 1914)?? just wanna make sure.
okay what's next..I think in 1914, USA was bing called The " little GIANT"....kalau salah tolong betulkan.... ...  



Kurang pasti tentang royalty dan heir ni ... untuk topik ni saya lebih emphasize kan kepada chain-of-event ... anyway, untuk anda saya cari sket info tentang Czar ni ... saya hanya jumpa info tentang Czarina (Tsarina) Alexandra ... perang meletus tahun 1914 .. Alexandra dibunuh oleh Regim Bolshevik di Siberia pada tahun 1918.  Saya ada tengok movie tentang citer Tsarina ni dengan RASPUTIN ... dah tak ingat tajuk movie tu ... hero filem tu ialah WILLIAM HURT sebagai RASPUTIN.

-----------------------



bagi sesiapa yg nak tau beh lanjut ttg the last Czar, ni..ako tambah sikit yg ako tau...

Nicky (nicholas) bapak yg penyayang, dia x sedia jadik raja, tapi sebab bapak dia Alexander III mati tetiba, dia kena amik alih..dia nie rendah jer..6 kaki something.. tapi tak amik berat kesusahan rakyat, sebab russia masa tue dilanda crisis economy.tawon 1905, ada Bloody sunday...rakyat cuma nak kasi petition utk Czar, tapi dia suh tentera dia bunuh semua org.....panjang critanya...

dia ada 5 anak, olga, tatiana, maria, annastasia (kontroversi), dan alexis (yg bongsu, sorang jer laki..)..
czar laki bini kawin bersedara, jadik gene takbagus, si olga, warisi penyakit typhod, dan alexis (heir 2 the throne) kena hemophilia...terkena sikit, jer..mesti berdarah terok...

tapi keluarga czar tak critakan pd org ramai, dia tamau rakyat russia tau, pewaris takhta seorang yg berpenyakit..

satu hari masa diorang tgh vacation kat Spala, alexis, punya kepala kena dayung sampan...berdarah terok...semua org igt alexis yg comel nie takder harapan........so....tetiba alexandra feodorovna  (czarina) dpt tau pasal Rasputin (mengaku sebagai monk, tapi dia buruk akhlak, suka joli)..sebab kawan alix (nama manja dia) nama Anna Vyrubova, pernah sembuh sebab rasputin yg sembuhkan...so, dia ajak rasputin sembuhkan Alexis...tah camner, mujarab...
Czarina punya sembah dewa rasputin, semua ahli kuarga czar suka dia, kecuali beberapa org aristocrats dan PM Stolypin...

pastu...ramai org jeles kat rasp, sebab
1) dia mempengaruhi czar dari segi pentadbiran, sedangkan dia akhlak buruk, suka main pompuan...romeo..
2) pernah Russia takmau etrlibat dgn WWI, tapi dia yg cadangkan Czar Nicky mengetuai Russia army..bodo tul..masa tue., dah la ekonomi merudum, jam2 tue la dia suh org berperang....lagi lingkup org Russia.!!!
3) dia mempermainkan agama...dan paderi orthodox kat sinun mengikut telunjuk rasp. melantik priest yg tak bertauliah..kikikikikiki...aku tak igt..banyak agie..

banyak, lagi aaa...

pastu, ada konspirasi di kalangan Aristocrat kerabat di raja -Pavlovic, yusupov dan aku tak igt sorang lagi, la..dia tipu rasputin, kata bini yusupov yg cantik jelita (irina) ajak datang mai rumah...rasputin pon datang,la...tapi itu mamamt2 suma sudah taruh racun (cyanide )..yg boleh bunuh sedozen org...kat dlm kek coklat dan wine dia..

cuma ajaibnya si rasp. dia nie kebal...dibubuh racun, tak mati2..kemudian ditembak 4 das, pastu ditendang dan dilayak, semua tue...diamasih berdiri lagi..pastu disiap berlari ke gate, nak panjat gate keluar..pastu dia ditembak agie//...dia rebah, dan dibungkus...........masa tue, dia masih bergerak2...

pastu..
dia dicampak kat sungai nevka/neva....barulah dia mati sbb hibernasi..
czarina dan anak2nyer menagis gila, la....sebab rasputin dan predictkan sesuatu untuk mereka...jeng..jeng..jeng..

masa Revolusi golongan pro-komunis Bolshevik tahun july, 1917, Tsar kena abdicte, dia dipindahkan kat siberia (tgh2 russia) pastu kat sebuah rumah nama Ipatiev house kat ekatrinburg///.............

kat rumah ipatiev tue, la..tragedi pembunuhan keluarga czar, seorang doktor dan 2 org org gajinyerrrrrrr....Bolshevik rahsiakan pembunuhan tue, sebenarnyer...tapi cikgu ako ckp, org komunis sengaja takmau diorang tau Czar mati kena bunuh, sebab itula diorang tangkap gambar buat kali terakhir...alexis, adlh org terakhir mati....tapi ada sesuatu yg menraik pasal Annaastasia...ala, yg kontroversi, tula.....



czar Nicholas II (last czar) dan keluarganya meninggal 1918.. diorang nak hapuskan rasputin, konon boleh menyelamatkan institusi tsarism, sayangyer, lah..kerajaan Monarki russia berakhirlah untuk selama2nyerrrrrrrr.............

sekian hikayat...

Aiseyman ... topik aku pasal WW1 dah melencong ke getah dan Tsar plak ... sabar jer la ...